鍑忓厜鐗囧彲浠ュ噺灏戣繘鍏ラ暅澶寸殑鎬诲厜閲忥紝鍑忓厜鐗囬€氬父鏄敤鍦ㄦ媿鎽勫浘鐗囨湁杩囨洕椋庨櫓鐨勬椂鍊?澶ч儴鍒嗛兘鏀寔闀挎椂闂存洕鍏夛紝鍥犱负鍦ㄨ緝濂界殑鐓ф槑鏉′欢鍜屾瘮杈冩參鐨勫揩闂ㄩ€熷害鏃讹紝甯镐細鍙戠敓杩囨洕銆?
鍓嶈█
鏈枃鐢?0绾у鐢熸暣鐞嗭紝鍖呮嫭瀹為獙鐩殑鍜屼华鍣ㄣ€佸疄楠屽師鐞嗐€佸疄楠屾楠や笁涓儴鍒嗐€備富瑕佹槸鎯宠妭绾︿竴涓嬪ぇ瀹舵墜鏈烘媿鐓ф壂鎻忋€佽闊宠緭鍏ユ垨鎵嬫墦鐨勬椂闂淬€傦紙鍙兘鏈変簺浠昏鑰佸笀瑕佹眰鎵嬪啓锛岄偅灏辩埍鑾兘鍔╀簡锛?/p>
銆?.4 瀹為獙鍘熺悊閮ㄥ垎缂哄け銆?/p>
浣跨敤鏂规硶
鐐瑰嚮鈥溌犳簮鐮伮犫€濇寜閽紝鐒跺悗澶嶅埗绮樿创鏈枃鐩稿簲鍐呭锛屽啀娆＄偣鍑绘簮鐮佹煡鐪嬪氨琛?/p>
鍥剧墖閮ㄥ垎寤鸿鑷繁鐢诲浘浼犱笂鍘伙紝涓嶇劧澶槑鏄句簡銆?/p>
娉ㄦ剰锛氭湁閮ㄥ垎瀹為獙鎶ュ憡鐨勬帓鐗堟湁浜涢毦鐪嬶紝鏍规嵁闇€姹傚彲浠ユ敼涓€涓嬨€?/p>
鐩綍
5.1 鍙楄揩鎸姩鐨勭爺绌?/p>
5.2 闇嶅皵鏁堝簲
5.3 pn缁撶壒鎬?/p>
5.4 娑蹭綋鍙樻俯绮樻粸绯绘暟娴嬮噺鍙奝id浣跨敤
5.6 杩堝厠灏旈€婂共娑変华
5.7 鍏ㄦ伅鐓х浉
5.8 鐢ㄥ厜鏍呮祴閲忓厜娉㈡尝闀?/p>
5.9 鍏夋爡鍏夎氨浠殑浣跨敤
5.10 鍏夌數鏁堝簲
5.11 鐢靛瓙鐢佃嵎e鍊肩殑娴嬪畾
5.12 寮楀叞鍏?璧吂瀹為獙
7.4 瓒呭０娉㈠湪鐗╄川涓殑浼犳挱涓庤秴澹版垚鍍?/p>
7.6 浣庣湡绌虹殑鑾峰緱銆佹祴閲忎笌鐩存祦婧呭皠娉曞埗澶囬噾灞炶杽鑶?/p>
5.17 澶槼鑳界數姹?/p>
琛ュ厖瀹為獙1鈥斺€旈噾灞炰笣绾胯儉绯绘暟鐨勬祴瀹?/p>
琛ュ厖瀹為獙2鈥斺€斿亸鎸厜鐨勮瀵熶笌鐮旂┒
琛ュ厖瀹為獙3鈥斺€旀媺鏇煎厜璋卞疄楠?/p>
5.1 鍙楄揩鎸姩鐨勭爺绌?/p>
瀹為獙鐩殑鍜屼华鍣?/p>
銆愬疄楠岀洰鐨勩€?/strong>
锛?锛夌爺绌舵尝灏斿叡鎸华涓脊鎬ф憜杞彈杩尟鍔ㄧ殑骞呴鐗规€у拰鐩搁鐗规€с€?/p>
锛?锛夌爺绌朵笉鍚岄樆灏煎姏鐭╁鍙楄揩鎸姩鐨勫奖鍝嶏紝瑙傚療鍏辨尟鐜拌薄銆?/p>
锛?锛夊涔犵敤棰戦棯娉曟祴瀹氱浉宸殑鏂规硶銆?/p>
锛?锛夊涔犵郴缁熻宸殑淇鏂规硶銆?/p>
銆愬疄楠屼华鍣ㄣ€?/strong>
bg-2鍨嬫尝灏斿叡鎸华
瀹為獙鍘熺悊
鍦ㄥ彈杩尟鍔ㄧ姸鎬佷笅锛岀郴缁熼櫎浜嗗彈鍒伴┍鍔ㄥ姏鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ锛屽悓鏃惰繕鍙楀埌鍥炲鍔涘拰闃诲凹鍔涚殑浣滅敤銆傛墍浠ュ湪绋冲畾鎸姩鐘舵€佹椂鐗╀綋鐨勪綅绉汇€侀€熷害鍙樺寲涓庨┍鍔ㄥ姏鍙樺寲涓嶆槸鍚岀浉鐨勶紝瀛樺湪鐩稿樊銆傚綋椹卞姩鍔涢鐜囨帴杩戜簬绯荤粺鐨勫浐鏈夐鐜囨椂锛岀墿浣撴尟鍔ㄧ殑鎸箙灏嗗澶с€傚綋鐗╀綋鎸姩鎸箙杈惧埌鏈€澶ф椂锛岀о涓轰綅绉诲叡鎸€備綅绉诲叡鎸鐜囨帴杩戞尟鍔ㄧ墿浣撳浐鏈夐鐜囷紝浣嗘瘮鎸姩鐗╀綋鍥烘湁棰戠巼灏忋€傞樆灏艰秺灏忥紝浣嶇щ鍏辨尟棰戠巼瓒婃帴杩戞尟鍔ㄧ墿浣撳浐鏈夐鐜囥€傚綋椹卞姩鍔涢鐜囦笌鎸姩鐗╀綋鍥烘湁棰戠巼鐩稿悓鏃讹紝鍙楄揩鎸姩鐨勯€熷害骞呰揪鍒版渶澶э紝浜х敓閫熷害鍏辨尟锛屾鏃剁墿浣撴尟鍔ㄤ綅绉绘瘮椹卞姩鍔涙粸鍚?0°銆?/p>
鏈疄楠屾墍閲囩敤鐨勬尝灏斿叡鎸腑鐨勬憜杞彲鍦ㄥ脊鎬у姏鐭╀綔鐢ㄤ笅鑷敱鎽嗗姩銆傝嫢鍚屾椂鍔犱笂闃诲凹鍔涚煩鍜岄┍鍔ㄥ姏鐭╋紝鎽嗚疆鍙仛鍙楄揩鎸姩銆傜敤鍏舵潵鐮旂┒鍙楄揩鎸姩鐗规€э紝鍙洿瑙傚湴鏄剧ず鏈烘鎸姩涓殑涓€浜涚墿鐞嗙幇璞°€?/p>
褰撴憜杞彈鍒板懆鏈熸€ч┍鍔ㄥ鍔涚煩m=m0coswω t鐨勪綔鐢紝骞跺湪鏈夌┖姘旈樆灏煎拰鐢电灏肩殑浠嬭川涓繍鍔ㄦ椂(闃诲凹鍔涚煩璁句负-γdθdt鈥?/span> ,γ 涓哄凹鍔涚煩绯绘暟)锛屽叾杩愬姩鏂圭▼涓篔d2θdt2鈥?/span> =-kθ -γdθdt鈥?/span> m0cosω t(5.1-1)寮忎腑銆侸涓烘憜杞殑杞姩鎯噺:-kθ 涓哄脊鎬у姏鐭?k涓哄脊绨х殑鍔插害绯绘暟;m0涓洪┍鍔ㄥ姏鐭╃殑骞呭€硷紱ω涓洪┍鍔ㄥ姏鐨勮棰戠巼銆備护ω20鈥?/span> θ=kj鈥?/span> ,2β=γj鈥?/span> 锛宮=m0鈥?/span>j鈥?/span> 鍒欏紡(5.1-1)鍙樹负 褰?span style="font-family: symbola, "times new roman", serif; font-size: 16.56px; text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">mcosωt=0鏃讹紝鍗冲湪鏃犲懆鏈熸€ч┍鍔ㄥ鍔涚煩浣滅敤鏃讹紝寮?5.1-2)鍗充负闃诲凹鎸姩鏂圭▼锛涗笖褰撻樆灏肩郴鏁?beta;=0,鍗虫棤闃诲凹鏃讹紝寮?5.1-2)鍙樹负绠€璋愭尟鍔ㄦ柟绋嬶紝ω0鈥?/span> 鍗充负鎸姩绯荤粺鐨勫浐鏈夎棰戠巼銆?nbsp; 鏂圭▼(5.1-2)鐨勯€氳в涓?/p>
θ =θ1e-βtcos(ω 1t α ) θ2cos(ωt φ) (5.1-3锛?/p>
鐢卞紡(5.1-3锛夊彲瑙侊紝鍙楄揩鎸姩鍙垎鎴愪袱閮ㄥ垎:绗竴閮ㄥ垎锛?span style="font-family: symbola, "times new roman", serif; font-size: 18.4px; white-space: nowrap;">θ1e-βtcos(ω 1t α )琛ㄧず闃诲凹鎸姩锛岀粡杩囦竴瀹氭椂闂村悗鎸姩琛板噺鑷冲彲蹇界暐涓嶈銆傜浜岄儴鍒嗭紝鍥犻┍鍔ㄥ姏鐭╁鎽嗚疆鍋氬姛锛屽悜鎸姩绯荤粺浼犻€佽兘閲忥紝浣跨郴缁熸渶缁堣揪鍒扮ǔ瀹氱殑鍔ㄧ姸鎬併€傛鏃舵尟骞呬笉鍙橈紝鍏跺€间负
θ2鈥?/span> =m√(ω20鈥?/span>−ω2)24β2ω2鈥?/span> (5.1-4)
瀹冧笌椹卞姩鍔涚煩涔嬮棿鐨勭浉宸?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="\varphi" style="font-size: 29.9px;">φ 涓?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="\varphi" style="font-size: 18.4px;">φ =arctan2βωω20鈥?/span>−ω2鈥?/span> =arctanβt20鈥?/span>tπ(t2−t20鈥?/span>)鈥?/span> (5.1-5)鐢卞紡(5.1-4)鍜屽紡(5.1-5)鍙湅鍑猴紝绋冲畾鎸姩鐘舵€佺殑鎸箙θ2鈥?/span>涓庣浉宸殑鏁板€?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="\varphi" style="font-size: 18.4px;">φ 鍙栧喅浜庨┍鍔ㄥ姏鐭╃殑骞呭€糓0銆侀┍鍔ㄥ姏鐨勯鐜?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="\omega" style="font-size: 29.9px;">ω 銆佺郴缁熺殑鍥烘湁棰戠巼ω0鈥?/span> 鍜岄樆灏肩郴鏁?beta;鍥涗釜鍥犵礌锛岃€屼笌鎸姩鐨勮捣濮嬬姸鎬佹棤鍏炽€?/p>
鍙楄揩鎸姩鐨勬尟骞呬笌椹卞姩鍔涢鐜囨湁鍏筹紝鐢辨瀬澶у€兼潯浠?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="\frac{\delta\theta}{\delta\omega}" style="font-size: 29.9px;">δθδω鈥?/span> =0鍙煡锛屽綋椹卞姩鍔涜棰戠巼涓?/p>
ωr鈥?/span> =√ω20鈥?/span>−2β2 (5.1-6)
θr鈥?/span> =m2β√ω20鈥?/span>−β2鈥?/span> (5.1-7)
姝ゆ椂锛岀郴缁熶骇鐢熷叡鎸€傞樆灏肩郴鏁?beta;瓒婂皬锛屽叡鎸椂椹卞姩鍔涜棰戠巼瓒婃帴杩戠郴缁熷浐鏈夎棰戠巼锛屾尟骞呭氨瓒婂ぇ銆?/p>
瀹為獙姝ラ
1. 瀹氭€ц瀵熸憜杞殑鑷敱鎸姩鍜岄樆灏兼尟鍔?/strong>
閫変腑杩涘叆“鑷敱鎸崱”(鎴?ldquo;闃诲凹鎸崱”锛屽啀閫変腑“闃诲凹閫夋嫨”)锛屽湪“娴嬮噺”缃簬榛樿鐨?ldquo;鍏?rdquo;鐘舵€佷笅锛屽彲浠ョ洿鎺ヤ粠灞忓箷涓婅鍑烘瘡娆℃尟鍔ㄧ殑鎸箙鍜屽懆鏈燂紝娉ㄦ剰瑙傚療鎸箙鍙樺寲鐨勭壒鐐? 鏁版嵁鐨勮嚜鍔ㄨ褰曚笌鏌ヨ鍔熻兘:褰撴祴閲忕晫闈腑鐨?ldquo;娴嬮噺”澶勪簬琚€夋嫨鏃讹紝鍙互鏇存敼(閫氳繃涓婁笅鎸夐敭锛屼互涓嬪悓)瀹冪殑鐘舵€侊紝灏嗗叾缃簬“寮€”鐘舵€侊紝鍒欐帶鍒剁鍙互鍦ㄦ憜杞憜鍔ㄦ椂鑷姩璁板綍灞忎笂鎵€鏄剧ず鐨勬暟鎹€傚綋“娴嬮噺”鍥炲埌“鍏?rdquo;鐘舵€佹椂锛屽彲浠ラ€変腑“鍥炴煡”锛岃繘鍏ユ煡璇㈢晫闈紝閫氳繃涓婁笅鎸夐敭鏌ョ湅鎵€鏈夎褰曠殑鏁版嵁锛屾寜“纭”鎸夐挳鍙互閫€鍑哄洖鏌ョ姸鎬併€?/p>
2. 娴嬪畾鍙楄揩鍔ㄧ殑骞呴鐗规€у拰鐩搁鐗规€ф洸绾?鑷冲皯瀹屾垚涓€绉嶉樆灏间笅鐨勬祴閲?
閫変腑“闃诲凹鎸崱”锛屽皢“闃诲凹閫夋嫨”閫変腑浜庨€傚綋鐨勬。浣?濡?ldquo;闃诲凹2”)锛屽啀鐢辨祴閲忕晫闈㈣繑鍥炲埌“瀹為獙姝ラ”鐣岄潰鍚庯紝鎵嶈兘閫変腑“寮鸿揩鎸崱”杩涜娴嬮噺銆傛敞鎰忓湪瀹為獙杩囩▼涓?ldquo;闃诲凹閫夋嫨”涓嶈兘浠绘剰鏀瑰彉锛屾垨灏嗘暣鏈虹數婧愬垏鏂紝鍚﹀垯鐢变簬鐢电閾佸墿纾佺幇璞″皢寮曡捣β鍊煎彉鍖栵紝鍙湁鍦ㄦ煇涓€闃诲凹绯绘暟β鐨勬墍鏈夊疄楠屾暟鎹祴閲忓畬姣曪紝闇€瑕佹敼鍙?beta;鍊兼椂锛屾墠鍙敼鍙?ldquo;闃诲凹閫夋嫨”銆傝繘浜?ldquo;寮鸿揩鎸崱”鐨勬祴閲忕晫闈?榛樿閫夋嫨“鐢垫満”)鍚庯紝鏇存敼“鐢垫満”鐘舵€佷护鍏剁疆浜?ldquo;寮€”锛屽垯鍚姩鐢靛姩鏈猴紝褰撲繚鎸?ldquo;鍛ㄦ湡”涓?ldquo;1”鏃讹紝灞忎笂鍙互鐩存帴鏄剧ず鎽嗚疆鍜岀數鍔ㄦ満鐨勫懆鏈熴€佹尟骞呭€笺€傛敼鍙樼數鍔ㄦ満鐨勮浆閫?鍗虫敼鍙橀┍鍔ㄥ姏鐭╃殑棰戠巼w銆傝瀹氭煇涓€鐢靛姩鏈鸿浆閫燂紝褰撳彈杩尟鍔ㄧǔ瀹氬悗锛屾墠鍙互寮€濮嬪噯澶囨祴閲?姝ゆ椂鎽嗚疆鍜岀數鍔ㄦ満鐨勫懆鏈熷繀椤昏秼鍚戜竴鑷?銆傞€夋嫨“鍛ㄦ湡”锛屾妸“鍛ㄦ湡”鏇存敼涓?ldquo;10”锛屽啀閫夋嫨“娴嬮噺”锛屾洿鏀瑰叾鐘舵€佷负“寮€”锛屾帶鍒剁寮€濮嬭嚜鍔ㄨ褰曟暟鎹€備竴娆℃祴閲忓畬鎴愶紝娴嬮噺”鐘舵€佹樉绀?ldquo;鍏?rdquo;锛岃鍑烘憜杞殑鎸箙鍊?銆傝褰曢┍鍔ㄥ姏鐭?0娆℃尟鍔ㄥ懆鏈?0t銆佹寜浣?ldquo;闂厜鐏?rdquo;鎸夐挳锛屽埄鐢ㄩ棯鍏夌伅娴嬪畾鍙楄揩鎸姩浣嶇щ涓庨┍鍔ㄥ姏闂寸殑鐩稿樊銆傚皢鎵€娴嬬數鍔ㄦ満杞€熷埢搴﹀€笺€侀┍鍔ㄥ姏鍛ㄦ湡10t銆佹尟骞呫€佺浉宸瓑鏁版嵁璁板綍銆?/p>
姣忔鏀瑰彉寮鸿揩鍔涘懆鏈熼挳鐨勫埢搴?鍗虫敼鍙樼數鍔ㄦ満杞€?杩涜娴嬮噺鍓嶏紝鍧囬渶杩斿洖“鍛ㄦ湡”涓?鐨勬祴閲忕晫闈紝绛夊緟绯荤粺绋冲畾锛屼箣鍚庡啀杩涜鐩稿簲鐨勬祴閲? 寮鸿揩鎸姩娴嬮噺瀹屾瘯銆侀€変腑“杩斿洖”锛屽洖鍒?ldquo;瀹為獙姝ラ”閫夋嫨鐣岄潰
3. 娴嬪畾灏肩郴鏁?beta;
鍦?ldquo;瀹為獙姝ラ”鐣岄潰閫変腑“闃诲凹鎸崱”锛屽皢“闃诲凹閫夋嫨”缃簬涓?ldquo;寮鸿揩鎸崱”娴嬮噺鏃剁浉鍚岀殑妗ｄ綅锛岀‘璁よ繘鍏ラ樆灏兼祴閲忕晫闈€傚皢鏈夋満鐜荤拑鐩樹笂闆跺害鏍囧織鏀惧湪0浣嶇疆锛岀敤鎵嬪皢鎽嗚疆杞姩140°~150°宸﹀彸銆傛澗鎵嬪悗灏?ldquo;娴嬮噺”鐘舵€佹洿鏀逛负“寮€”銆傛帶鍒剁寮€濮嬭嚜鍔ㄨ繛缁褰曟憜杞仛闃诲凹鎸姩10娆＄殑鎸箙鏁板€?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="\theta" style="font-size: 29.9px;">θ 0銆?span style="font-family: symbola, "times new roman", serif; font-size: 18.4px; white-space: nowrap;">θ1銆?theta;2銆?hellip;…銆?theta;n銆傚強鍛ㄦ湡銆傚湪“娴嬮噺”鍥炲埌“鍏?rdquo;鏃讹紝鍙互鍒╃敤鍥炴煡鍔熻兘鏌ヨ璁板綍鐨勬暟鎹€傛祴閲忔暟鎹褰曪紝鍒╃敤鍏紡lnθ0鈥?/span>e−βtθ0鈥?/span>e−β(tnt)鈥?/span> =nβt=lnθ0鈥?/span>θn鈥?/span>鈥?/span> (5.1-8)姹傚嚭β寮忎腑锛宯涓洪樆灏兼尟鍔ㄧ殑鍛ㄦ湡娆℃暟;θn鈥?/span> 涓虹n娆℃尟鍔ㄧ殑鎸箙锛孴涓洪樆灏兼尟鍔ㄥ懆鏈熺殑骞冲潎鍊?鍙互娴嬪嚭10涓憜杞尟鍔ㄥ懆鏈熷€硷紝鍙栧叾骞冲潎鍊?銆傞噸澶?銆?娆°€?/p>
4. 娴嬪畾鎸箙θ涓庡浐鏈夐鐜?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="\omega_0" style="font-size: 29.9px;">ω0鈥?/span> 鐨勫搴斿叧绯?/strong>
灏嗘湁鏈虹幓鐠冪洏涓婇浂搴︽爣蹇楃嚎淇濇寔鍦?ldquo;0”澶勶紝閫変腑“鑷敱鎸崱”娴嬮噺銆傜敤鎵嬪皢鎽嗚疆鎻愬姩鍒拌緝澶у亸杞(绾?40°~150°)鍚庢斁鎵嬶紝鍙互鐩存帴浠庡睆涓婅鍑烘瘡娆℃尟骞呭€煎強鍏剁浉搴旂殑鎽嗗姩鍛ㄦ湡銆傝嫢鎸箙鍙樺皬鏃讹紝鍛ㄦ湡涓嶅彉锛屽垯鍙笉蹇呰褰曪紝涔熷嵆鍙褰曞懆鏈熷€煎彉鍖栨椂瀵瑰簲鐨勫箙鍊笺€傞噸澶嶅嚑娆″嵆鍙綔鍑?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="\theta_n" style="font-size: 29.9px;">θn鈥?/span> 涓嶵0n鐨勫搴斿叧绯汇€傝娉ㄦ剰銆佽褰曟尟骞呭箙鍊艰寖鍥村簲璇ユ兜鐩栦笂琛ㄦ墍娴嬮噺鐨勬尟骞呭€笺€?/p>
濡傛灉閫夋嫨鎺у埗绠辫嚜鍔ㄨ褰曟暟鎹殑娴嬮噺鍔熻兘(姝ゆ椂鍙褰曟憜杞懆鏈熷€煎彉鍖栨椂瀵瑰簲鐨勬尟骞呭€?锛屽垯鍙互鍒╃敤鍥炴煡鍔熻兘瀵规尟骞呭拰鍛ㄦ湡鍊艰繘琛屾煡璇?/p>
鍦?ldquo;瀹為獙姝ラ”鐣岄潰锛屾寔缁寜浣忓浣嶉挳鍑犵閽燂紝浠櫒鑷姩澶嶄綅锛屽疄楠屾暟鎹叏閮ㄦ竻闄わ紝鍏抽棴鐢垫簮锛屽疄楠岀粨鏉熴€?/p>
5.鏁版嵁璁板綍鍜屽鐞?/strong>
1)缁樺埗骞呴鐗规€у拰鐩搁鐗规€ф祴閲忔洸绾?鍒嗗埆姹傚嚭闃诲凹绯绘暟β鍜屽悇涓尟骞呮墍瀵瑰簲鐨勫浐鏈夋尟鍔ㄥ懆鏈烼0(棰戠巼ω0鈥?/span>)銆備綔鍑哄箙棰戠壒鎬у拰鐩搁鐗规€ф洸绾?鑷冲皯浣滃嚭涓€绉嶉樆灏间笅鐨勭壒鎬ф洸绾?銆?/p>
2)璁＄畻闃诲凹绯绘暟β
鈶犲埄鐢ㄤ綔鍥炬硶鎴栫洿绾挎嫙鍚堟渶灏忎簩涔樻硶姹傚嚭β鍊?鏍规嵁寮?5.1-8)銆佸埄鐢ㄨ〃涓殑鏁版嵁锛岄噰鐢ㄤ綔鍥炬硶鎴栫洿绾挎嫙鍚堟渶灏忎簩涔樻硶寰楀埌绾挎€у叧绯籌n(θ0鈥?/span> /θn鈥?/span> )~n,鐢辫鐩寸嚎鐨勬枩鐜囨眰鍑?beta;鍊笺€?/p>
鈶″埄鐢ㄥ叡鎸洸绾跨‘瀹?beta;鍊?褰撳彈杩尟鍔ㄨ揪鍒扮ǔ瀹氱姸鎬佹椂锛岄樆灏兼尟鍔ㄩ儴鍒嗗彲浠ヨ涓哄凡琛板噺鑷抽浂锛屽洜鑰屾尟鍔ㄤ綅绉诲彧闇€瑕佽€冭檻寮鸿揩鎸姩閮ㄥ垎銆佸嵆寮?5.1-3)鐨勭浜岄」銆傞樆灏肩郴鏁拌緝灏?婊¤冻β2≤ω0鈥?/span> 2)鏃讹紝鍦ㄥ叡鎸綅缃檮杩?ω=ω0)锛岀敱浜?span style="font-family: "times new roman", symbola, serif; font-size: 18.4px; font-style: italic; white-space: nowrap;">ω ω0=2ω0锛屼粠寮?5.1-4)鍜屽紡(5.1-7)鍙緱鍑?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="\left(\frac{\theta}{\theta_r}\right)^2" style="font-size: 29.9px;">(θθr鈥?/span>鈥?/span>)2 =4β2ω20鈥?/span>4ω20鈥?/span>(ω−ω0鈥?/span>)24β2ω20鈥?/span>鈥?/span> =β2(ω−ω0鈥?/span>)2β2鈥?/span>
褰?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="\theta" style="font-size: 29.9px;">θ =1√2鈥?/span> θr鈥?/span> 鏃ワ紝鍗?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="\left(\frac{\theta}{\theta_r}\right)^2" style="font-size: 18.4px;">(θθr鈥?/span>鈥?/span>)2 =12鈥?/span> 鏃讹紝鐢变笂寮忓彲寰?nbsp;ω−ω0鈥?/span>= (-)β銆?nbsp; 浣滃箙棰戠壒鎬ф洸绾?span class="mq-non-leaf" mathquill-command-id="105" style="font-size: 18.4px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-color: black; user-select: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-family: symbola, "times new roman", serif; white-space: nowrap;">(θθr鈥?/span>鈥?/span>)2-ω 锛屽搴斾簬鍥句腑(θθr鈥?/span>鈥?/span>)2=12鈥?/span> 锛?span style="font-family: "times new roman", symbola, serif; font-size: 18.4px; font-style: italic; white-space: nowrap;">ω鏈変袱涓€?span style="font-family: "times new roman", symbola, serif; font-size: 18.4px; font-style: italic; white-space: nowrap;">ω1銆?omega;2銆傞€氬父鎶婂叡鎸箙棰戠壒鎬ф洸绾夸笂鐩稿寮哄害1/2澶勬洸绾跨殑瀹藉害瀹氫箟涓哄叡鎸嘲鐨勫搴︽垨鍏辨尟甯﹀銆傜敱姝ゆ眰鍑?beta;=ω2鈥?/span>−ω1鈥?/span>2鈥?/span>
3)姹傝в鍝佽川鍥犳暟q
鈶犲浜庢棤椹卞姩娆犻樆灏兼尟鍔ㄧ郴缁燂紝鎸姩鐨勬尟骞呮弧瓒冲叧绯诲紡θ=θ1鈥?/span> e-βt锛屽垯鍏惰兘閲?姝ｆ瘮浜庢尟骞呭钩鏂?婊¤冻鍏崇郴寮廍=e1e-2βt銆傛尟鍔ㄧ郴缁熺殑鑳介噺鍑忓皬鍒板垵濮嬭兘閲忕殑1/e鎵€缁忓巻鐨勬椂闂翠负τ =12β鈥?/span> 绉颁负鏃堕棿甯搁噺锛屾垨楦ｅ搷鏃堕棿銆傛妧鏈笂瀹氫箟楦ｅ搷鏃堕棿鍐呮尟鍔ㄦ鏁扮殑2π鍊嶄负闃诲凹鎸姩鐨勫搧璐ㄥ洜鏁癚锛孮=2π τt鈥?/span> =ωτ 銆傞樆灏间笉涓ラ噸鏃讹紝鍙敤鎸姩绯荤粺鐨勫浐鏈夊懆鏈熸垨棰戠巼璁＄畻銆傗憽瀵逛簬鍏辨尟绯荤粺锛屽彲鐢卞箙棰戠壒鎬у叡鎸洸绾跨‘瀹歈鍊硷紝鍗砆=ω0鈥?/span>鍏?/span>鎸?/span>甯?/span>瀹?/span>鈥?/span>
5.2 闇嶅皵鏁堝簲
瀹為獙鐩殑鍜屼华鍣?/p>
銆愬疄楠岀洰鐨勩€?/strong>
锛?锛夊涔犻湇灏旀晥搴旂殑鍘熺悊鍜岄湇灏旀晥搴斿疄楠屼腑鐨勫壇鏁堝簲鍙婂叾娑堥櫎鏂规硶銆?/p>
锛?锛変簡瑙ｅ崐瀵间綋鐨勫鐢电壒鎬э紝瀛︿範纭畾鍗婂浣撹瘯鏍风殑瀵肩數绫诲瀷銆佽浇娴佸瓙娴撳害浠ュ強杩佺щ鐜囩殑瀹為獙鏂规硶銆?/p>
銆愬疄楠屾柟娉曘€?/strong>
qs-h鍨嬮湇灏旀晥搴斿疄楠岀粍鍚堜华銆佸崐瀵间綋锛堢锛夋牱鍝併€佸绾跨瓑銆?/p>
瀹為獙鍘熺悊
1銆侀湇灏旀晥搴?/strong>
灏嗕竴涓€氱數瀵间綋缃簬纾佸満涓紝濡傚浘鎵€绀猴紝纾佸満b鍨傜洿浜庣數娴?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="i_s" style="font-size: 29.9px;">is鈥?/span> 鐨勬柟鍚戯紝鍒欏湪瀵间綋涓瀭鐩翠簬b涓?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="i_s" style="font-size: 29.9px;">is鈥?/span> 鐨勬柟鍚戜笂鍑虹幇涓€涓數鍔垮樊uh鈥?/span> 锛岃繖涓幇璞＄о涓洪湇灏旀晥搴斻€備互n鍨嬪崐瀵间綋涓轰緥锛屽皢涓€涓狽鍨嬪崐瀵间綋钖勭墖鏀剧疆鍦ㄥ瀭鐩翠簬瀹冪殑纾佸満涓紝濡傚浘銆傜鍦築鐨勬柟鍚戞部z杞存柟鍚戯紝鍦╔鐨勫弽鏂瑰悜閫氫互鐢垫祦is鈥?/span> 锛屾鏃禢鍨嬪崐瀵间綋鍐呯殑澶氭暟杞芥祦瀛愮數瀛愪互涓€瀹氱殑閫熷害v娌縓鏂瑰悜杩愬姩锛屽瀭鐩寸殑纾佸満浼氬杩愬姩鐨勭數瀛愪骇鐢熶竴涓礇浼﹀吂鍔涚殑浣滅敤锛屽嵆fb鈥?/span>=q(v×b) 銆傜敱浜庢礇浼﹀吂鍔涚殑浣滅敤锛岀數鑽峰嚭鐜版í鍚戝亸杞苟鍦ㄦ牱鍝佽竟鐣屽绱н锛屼骇鐢熶竴涓í鍚戠殑鐢靛満e銆傚綋杞芥祦瀛愭墍鍙楃數鍦哄姏涓庢礇浼﹀吂鍔涚浉绛夋椂锛屾牱鍝佷袱渚х數鑽风н绱皢杈惧埌鍔ㄦ€佸钩琛°€?/p>
鍗?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="qe=q\left(v\times b\right)" style="font-size: 29.9px;">qe=q(v×b) 銆傚鏋滆n鍨嬪崐瀵间綋钖勭墖鐨勮浇娴佸瓙娴撳害涓簄锛屾牱鍝佽杽鐗囧搴︿负b锛屽帤搴︿负d锛屽垯鏈?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="i=nqvbd" style="font-size: 29.9px;">i=nqvbd 銆?/p>
缁煎悎鍓嶉潰寮忓瓙寰?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="u_h=r_h\frac{ib}{d}" style="font-size: 29.9px;">uh鈥?/span>=rh鈥?/span>ibd鈥?/span> 銆?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="r_h=\frac{1}{nq}" style="font-size: 29.9px;">rh鈥?/span>=1nq鈥?/span> 涓洪湇灏旂郴鏁般€傚浜庢湁鍘氬害寰楅湇灏斿櫒浠讹紝閲囩敤闇嶅皵鐏垫晱搴?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="k_h=\frac{1}{nqd}" style="font-size: 29.9px;">kh鈥?/span>=1nqd鈥?/span> 琛ㄧず闇嶅皵鍣ㄤ欢鐏垫晱搴︺€?/p>
2銆佸崐瀵间綋鏉愭枡鐨勫弬鏁版祴閲?/strong>
锛?锛夎浇娴佸瓙娴撳害 濡傛灉寰呮祴鍗婂浣撴潗鏂欏彧鏈変竴绉嶈浇娴佸瓙瀵肩數涓旀墍鏈夎浇娴佸瓙鍏锋湁鐩稿悓婕傜щ閫熷害锛屽垯杞芥祦瀛愭祿搴涓?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="n=\frac{1}{r_hq}" style="font-size: 29.9px;">n=1rh鈥?/span>q鈥?/span> 銆?/p>
锛?锛夎浇娴佸瓙杩佺щ鐜?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="\mu" style="font-size: 29.9px;">μ 鐢靛鐜?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="\sigma" style="font-size: 29.9px;">σ=is鈥?/span>luac鈥?/span>bd鈥?/span> 锛岀數瀵肩巼涓庤縼绉荤巼鐨勫叧绯讳负μ=|rh鈥?/span>|σ 銆?/p>
3銆侀湇灏旀晥搴斾腑鐨勫壇鏁堝簲
涓婅堪鎺ㄥ杩囩▼鏄悊鎯虫儏鍐碉紝瀹為檯涓婁細鏈夊悇绉嶅壇鏁堝簲浜х敓鐨勯檮鍔犵數鍘嬪彔鍔犲湪闇嶅皵鐢靛帇涓婏紝鍥犳蹇呴』鑰冭檻鍓晥搴旂殑褰卞搷銆?/p>
锛?锛夌敱浜庝笉绛変綅鐢靛娍寮曡捣鐨勫壇鏁堝簲 鐢变簬鍒堕€犲伐鑹虹殑褰卞搷锛屾祴閲忛湇灏旂數鍘嬬殑鐢垫瀬寰堥毦鍋氬埌鍦ㄤ竴涓悊鎯崇殑绛夊娍闈笂銆傚綋鐢垫祦閫氳繃璇ユ牱鍝佹椂锛屽嵆浣夸笉鍔犵鍦猴紝涔熶細浜х敓闄勫姞鐢靛帇銆?/p>
锛?锛夌儹纾佸壇鏁堝簲1锛夊焹寤锋柉璞晥搴旓細褰撶數娴侀€氳繃闇嶅皵鏍峰搧鏃讹紝閫熷害澶х殑杞芥祦瀛愬彈娲涗鸡鍏瑰姏浣滅敤鍋忓悜涓€渚э紝浣垮緱鍗婂浣撲袱渚ф俯搴︿笉鍚岋紝浠庤€屼骇鐢熸俯宸數鍔ㄥ娍锛屽苟鍙犲姞鍦ㄩ湇灏旂數鍘嬫祴閲忎笂銆?锛夎兘鏂壒鏁堝簲锛氬綋闇嶅皵鏍峰搧鐨勭數娴佷袱绔數鏋佷笌鍩哄湴鎺ヨе鐢甸樆涓嶅悓锛屽皢浜х敓涓嶅悓鐨勭劍鑰崇儹骞堕€犳垚娓╁害姊害銆傛部鐫€璇ユ俯搴︽搴︽墿鏁ｇ殑杞芥祦瀛愬彈鍒扮鍦虹殑浣滅敤鑰屽亸杞紝浜х敓鐢典綅宸紝骞跺彔鍔犲埌闇嶅皵娴嬮噺涓娿€?锛夐噷鍚?鍕掕开鍏嬫晥搴旓細鐢变簬鑳芥柉鐗规晥搴旀部鐫€娓╁害姊害鎵╂暎鐨勮浇娴佸瓙鍙楃鍦轰綔鐢ㄨ€屽彂鐢熷亸杞紝鑰岄€熷害涓嶅悓鐨勮浇娴佸瓙浣垮緱鍗婂浣撲袱渚т骇鐢熼檮鍔犳俯宸皢鍐嶆浜х敓鍩冨环鏂豹鏁堝簲锛屼粠鑰屼骇鐢熸俯宸數鍔ㄥ娍锛屽苟鍙犲姞鍦ㄩ湇灏旀祴閲忎笂銆備负娑堥櫎涓婅堪鍓晥搴斿闇嶅皵鐢靛帇娴嬮噺鐨勫奖鍝嶏紝鍦ㄦ祴閲忔椂鍒嗗埆鏀瑰彉鏍峰搧鐢垫祦is鈥?/span> 鎴栫鍦築鐨勬柟鍚戯紝缁忔帹瀵硷紝寰楀埌璁＄畻闇嶅皵鐢靛帇鍏紡uh鈥?/span>=14鈥?/span>(u1鈥?/span>−u2鈥?/span>u3鈥?/span>−u4鈥?/span>) 銆?/p>
瀹為獙姝ラ
娴嬮噺鐢佃矾濡傚浘鎵€绀猴細
1.淇濇寔纾佸満锛堝嵆婵€鍔辩數娴?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="i_m" style="font-size: 29.9px;">im鈥?/span> 锛夊ぇ灏忎笉鍙橈紝鏀瑰彉闇嶅皵鐢垫祦is鈥?/span> 鐨勫ぇ灏忥紝娴嬬粯闇嶅皵鐢靛帇涓庣數娴佸叧绯?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="u_h-i_s" style="font-size: 29.9px;">uh鈥?/span>−is鈥?/span> 鏇茬嚎銆傚彇im鈥?/span> =0.45a锛岀數鍘嬫祴閲忓紑鍏抽€夋嫨uh鈥?/span> 锛屽垎鍒敼鍙?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="i_s" style="font-size: 29.9px;">is鈥?/span> 鍜?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="i_m" style="font-size: 29.9px;">im鈥?/span> 鎹㈠悜寮€鍏虫柟鍚戯紝璁板綍鏁版嵁銆?/p>
2.淇濇寔鏍峰搧鐢垫祦is鈥?/span> 涓嶅彉锛?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="i_s" style="font-size: 29.9px;">is鈥?/span> =4.0ma锛夛紝鏀瑰彉鍔辩鐢垫祦im鈥?/span> 鐨勫ぇ灏忥紝娴嬮噺闇嶅皵鐢靛帇涓庣鍦虹殑鍏崇郴uh鈥?/span>−im鈥?/span> 鏇茬嚎銆傜數鍘嬫祴閲忓紑鍏抽€夋嫨uh鈥?/span> 锛屽垎鍒敼鍙?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="i_s" style="font-size: 29.9px;">is鈥?/span> 鍜?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="i_m" style="font-size: 29.9px;">im鈥?/span> 鎹㈠悜寮€鍏虫柟鍚戯紝璁板綍鏁版嵁銆?/p>
3.鏍规嵁娴嬮噺鐢佃矾涓殑鐢垫祦銆佺鍦恒€侀湇灏旂數鍘嬬殑鎺ョ嚎鏂瑰悜鍙婃祴閲忔暟鎹殑姝ｃ€佽礋锛屽垽鏂湰鏍峰搧鐨勫鐢电被鍨嬨€?/p>
4.鍦ㄩ浂纾佸満锛?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="i_m=0" style="font-size: 29.9px;">im鈥?/span>=0 锛変笅锛屽彇is鈥?/span>=0.1ma 锛屼粠鐢靛帇琛ㄥ崟鐙帴绾胯嚦鐢垫祦琛ㄤ笂锛岃绠楄鏍峰搧鐨勭數瀵肩巼鍜岃縼绉荤巼銆?/p>
5.瑙傚療涓嶇瓑鍔跨數浣嶅樊鐨勫奖鍝嶏細涓嶅姞纾佸満锛岄€愭笎澧炲姞闇嶅皵鐢垫祦is鈥?/span> 锛屽苟鏀瑰彉鐢垫祦鐨勬柟鍚戯紝瑙傚療鐢靛帇鐨勫彉鍖栥€?/p>
5.3 pn缁撶壒鎬?/p>
瀹為獙鐩殑鍜屼华鍣?/p>
銆愬疄楠岀洰鐨勩€?/strong>
1)鐮旂┒pn缁撴鍚戝帇闄嶉殢娓╁害鍙樺寲鐨勫熀鏈寰嬶紱
2)瀛︿範鐢≒n缁撴祴娓╃殑鏂规硶锛?br />
3)瀛︿範涓€绉嶆祴閲忕幓鑰冲吂鏇煎父鏁扮殑鏂规硶銆?/p>
銆愬疄楠屼华鍣ㄣ€?/strong>
dh-pn-2鍨婸n缁撴鍚戠壒鎬х患鍚堝疄楠屼华銆丏h-sj娓╁害浼犳劅瀹為獙瑁呯疆銆?/p>
瀹為獙鍘熺悊
1.鐞嗘兂鐨凱n缁撴鍚戠數娴?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="i_f" style="font-size: 29.9px;">if鈥?/span> 鍜屽帇闄?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="u_f" style="font-size: 29.9px;">uf鈥?/span> 涔嬮棿瀛樺湪杩戜技鍏崇郴锛?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="i_f=i_s\exp\left(\frac{qu_f}{kt}\right)" style="font-size: 29.9px;">if鈥?/span>=is鈥?/span>exp(quf鈥?/span>kt鈥?/span>) 锛宷涓虹數瀛愮數鑽凤紱k涓虹幓灏斿吂鏇煎父鏁帮紱t涓虹儹鍔涘娓╁害锛?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="i_s" style="font-size: 29.9px;">is鈥?/span> 涓哄弽鍚戦ケ鍜岀數娴侊紝鍙互璇佹槑is鈥?/span>=ctrexp(−qug鈥?/span>(0)kt鈥?/span>) 锛孋鏄笌缁撻潰绉€佹幒鏉傛祿搴︾瓑鏈夊叧鐨勫父鏁帮紱r鏄父鏁帮紙閫氬父鍙?.4锛夛紝ug鈥?/span>(0) 涓?k鏃禤n缁撴潗鏂欑殑瀵煎甫搴曞拰浠峰甫椤剁殑鐢靛娍宸€傛暣鐞嗕笂杩颁袱涓紡瀛愬緱鍒?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="u_f=u_g\left(0\right)-\left(\frac{k}{q}\ln\frac{c}{i_f}\right)t-\frac{kt}{q}\ln t^r=u_l u_{nl}" style="font-size: 29.9px;">uf鈥?/span>=ug鈥?/span>(0)−(kq鈥?/span>lncif鈥?/span>鈥?/span>)t−ktq鈥?/span>lntr=ul鈥?/span>unl鈥?/span> 銆傝繖灏辨槸pn缁撴鍚戝帇闄嶄綔涓虹數娴佸拰娓╁害鍑芥暟鐨勮〃杈惧紡锛屾槸pn缁撴俯搴︿紶鎰熷櫒鐨勫熀鏈柟绋嬨€備护if鈥?/span> =甯告暟锛屽垯姝ｅ悜鍘嬮檷鍙殢娓╁害鍙樺寲锛屼絾鍦ㄦ柟绋嬩腑锛屽寘鍚嚎鎬у拰闈炵嚎鎬т袱椤广€?/p>
2.瀵逛簬鏉傝川鍏ㄩ儴鐢电銆佹湰寰佹縺鍙戝彲蹇界暐鐨勬俯搴﹀尯闂达紝鏍规嵁瀵?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="u_{nl}" style="font-size: 29.9px;">unl鈥?/span> 椤规墍寮曡捣鐨勭嚎鎬ц宸殑鍒嗘瀽鍙煡锛屽湪鎭掓祦渚涚數鏉′欢涓嬶紝pn缁撶殑uf鈥?/span> 瀵筎鐨勪緷璧栧叧绯讳富瑕佸彇鍐充簬绾挎€ч」ul鈥?/span> 锛屽嵆姝ｅ悜鍘嬮檷鍑犱箮闅忔俯搴﹀崌楂樿€岀嚎鎬т笅闄嶏紝杩欏氨鏄疨n缁撴祴娓╃殑渚濇嵁銆?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="u_f-t" style="font-size: 29.9px;">uf鈥?/span>−t 鐗规€ц繕鍥燩n缁撶殑鏉愭枡鑰屽紓锛屽浜庡甯︽潗鏂欑殑pn缁擄紝鍏堕珮娓╃鐨勭嚎鎬у尯瀹斤紱鑰屾潗鏂欐潅璐ㄧ數鍔涜兘灏忕殑pn缁擄紝鍒欎綆娓╃鐨勭嚎鎬у尯瀹姐€傚浜庣粰瀹氱殑pn缁擄紝鍗充娇鍦ㄦ潅璐ㄥ鐢靛拰闈炴湰寰佹縺鍙戞俯搴﹁寖鍥村唴锛屽叾绾挎€у害浜﹂殢娓╁害鐨勯珮浣庤€屾湁鎵€涓嶅悓锛岃繖鏄潪绾挎€ч」寮曡捣鐨勩€?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="u_f-t" style="font-size: 18.4px;">uf鈥?/span>−t 鐨勭嚎鎬у害鍦ㄩ珮娓╃鐢变簬浣庢俯绔紝杩欐槸pn缁撴俯搴︿紶鎰熷櫒鐨勬櫘閬嶈寰嬨€傛澶栵紝鍑忓皬if鈥?/span> 涔熷彲浠ユ敼鍙樼嚎鎬у害锛屼絾骞朵笉鑳戒粠鏍规湰涓婅в鍐抽棶棰樸€?/p>
灏哖n缁撴祴娓╃數璺笌鎭掓祦銆佹斁澶х瓑鐢佃矾闆嗘垚涓€浣擄紝渚挎瀯鎴愰泦鎴愮數璺俯搴︿紶鎰熷櫒銆?/p>
瀹為獙姝ラ
1.瀹為獙绯荤粺妫€鏌ヤ笌杩炴帴
瀹為獙鍓嶏紝璇峰弬鐓т华鍣ㄤ娇鐢ㄨ鏄庯紝灏咲h-sj鍨嬫俯搴︿紶鎰熷櫒瀹為獙瑁呯疆涓婄殑“鍔犵儹鐢垫祦”寮€鍏崇疆“鍏?rdquo;浣嶇疆锛屽皢“椋庢墖鐢垫祦”寮€鍏崇疆“鍏?rdquo;浣嶇疆锛屾帴涓婂姞鐑數婧愮嚎銆傛彃濂絇t100娓╁害浼犳劅鍣ㄥ拰pn缁撴俯搴︿紶鎰熷櫒锛屼袱鑰呰繛鎺ュ潎涓虹洿鎻掑紡銆侾n缁撳紩鍑虹嚎鍒嗗埆鎻掑叆pn缁撴鍚戠壒鎬х患鍚堣瘯楠屼华涓婄殑 v銆?v鍜?i銆?i銆傛敞鎰忔彃澶寸殑棰滆壊鍜屾彃瀛旂殑浣嶇疆銆?br />
鎵撳紑鐢垫簮寮€鍏筹紝娓╁害浼犳劅鍣ㄥ疄楠岃缃笂灏嗘樉绀哄嚭瀹ゆ俯tg锛岃褰曚笅璧峰娓╁害tr銆?/p>
2.鐜昏€冲吂鏇煎父鏁発鐨勬祴瀹?/strong>
锛?锛塒n缁揑-u鍏崇郴鐨勬祴閲?nbsp; pn缁撴鍚戠數娴侀殢姝ｅ悜鐢靛帇鎸夋寚鏁拌寰嬪彉鍖栥€傝嫢鑳芥祴寰?pn缁揑-u鍏崇郴锛屽垯鍙眰鍑虹幓鑰冲吂鏇煎父鏁癆銆傝鏍规嵁鎵€闇€鏁版嵁鐨勬祴閲忚姹傦紝鑷繁璁捐瀹為獙杩囩▼銆佺‘瀹氬疄楠屾潯浠讹紝灏哖n缁撴鍚戠壒鎬х患鍚堣瘯楠屼华涓婄殑鐢垫祦閲忕▼缃簬閫傚綋妗ｄ綅锛岃皟鏁寸數娴佽皟鑺傛棆閽互鏀瑰彉姝ｅ悜鐢垫祦i锛岃緭鍑虹ず鍊硷紝瑙傚療璁板綍鐩稿簲鐨勬鍚戠數鍘婾鍊艰鏁帮紝灏嗚褰曟暟鎹～鍏ヨ〃銆?br />
( 2 )閫夋嫨鍚堥€傜殑鏁版嵁澶勭悊鏂规硶锛岀‘瀹氱幓灏斿吂鏇煎父鏁帮紝灏嗘墍寰楃粨鏋滀笌鏍囧噯鍊糼=1.3807×10-23j/k鐩告瘮銆?/p>
3.鑷冲皯瀹屾垚瀵逛竴绉峆n缁撴潗鏂欑殑u-t鏇茬嚎鐨勬祴閲忓強鏁版嵁澶勭悊
(1锛夋祴瀹歎-t鍏崇郴鏇茬嚎 閫夋嫨鍚堥€傜殑姝ｅ悜鐢垫祦ip(濡侷y=50μa锛屼竴鑸€夊皬浜?00μa鐨勫€硷紝浠ュ噺灏忚嚜韬儹鏁堝簲)锛屽苟淇濇寔涓嶅彉銆傚疄楠岀殑璧峰娓╁害t銆傚彲鐩存帴鍙栦负瀹ゆ俯tr锛岃褰曠浉搴旂殑ur(tr)銆傚皢dh-sj鍨嬫俯搴︿紶鎰熷櫒瀹為獙瑁呯疆涓婄殑“鍔犵儹鐢垫祦”寮€鍏崇疆“寮€”浣嶇疆锛屾牴鎹洰鏍囨俯搴︼紝閫夋嫨鍚堥€傜殑鍔犵儹鐢垫祦(鍦ㄥ疄楠屾椂闂村厑璁哥殑鎯呭喌涓嬶紝鍔犵儹鐢垫祦鍙互鍙栧緱灏忎竴鐐癸紝濡?.3锝?.6a涔嬮棿)銆傝繖鏃跺姞鐑倝鍐呮俯搴﹀紑濮嬪崌楂橈紝璁板綍瀵瑰簲鐨刄g鍜孴濉叆琛ㄣ€傚彲鎸塙p姣忔敼鍙?0mv鎴?mv璇诲彇涓€缁刄銆乀鍊硷紝杩欐牱鍙互鍑忓皬娴嬮噺璇樊銆?br />
娉ㄦ剰锛氬湪鏁翠釜瀹為獙杩囩▼涓紝姝ｅ悜鐢垫祦e搴斾繚鎸佷笉鍙樸€傚崌娓╅€熺巼瑕佹參锛屼笖璁惧畾鐨勬俯搴︿笉瀹滆繃楂?纭呯蹇呴』鎺у埗鍦?20鈩冧互鍐咃紝閿欑蹇呴』鎺у埗鍦?5鈩冧互鍐?銆?br />
鏍规嵁琛ㄦ牸鐨勬暟鎹紝缁樺埗u-t鏇茬嚎銆?/p>
(2)姹傝娴婸n缁撴鍚戝帇闄嶉殢娓╁害鍙樺寲鐨勭伒鏁忓害s(mv/鈩? 浣滃嚭鐨刄-t鏇茬嚎鏂滅巼灏辨槸s銆?br />
(3)浼扮畻琚祴pn缁撴潗鏂欑殑绂佸甫瀹藉害e銆?0)=qu(0) 蹇界暐闈炵嚎鎬ч」鐨勫奖鍝嶏紝u(0)=(0鈩?
up(0鈩?鍗乨upot 鈻砊=u (0鈩? s·鈻砊銆傛鏃舵俯宸柍t=-273.2k銆傚皢鏍规嵁姝ゅ紡绠楀緱鍒扮殑ok鏃剁殑绂佸甫瀹藉害e(0)鍊间笌鍏鍊?纭匛(0)=1.21ev锛岄敆e(0)=0.78ev锛夋瘮杈冿紝姹傚叾鐩稿璇樊銆?/p>
5.4 娑蹭綋鍙樻俯绮樻粸绯绘暟娴嬮噺鍙奝id浣跨敤
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姣忎竴涓嫮缂濋€忚繃鐨勫厜閮借鍙戠敓琛嶅皠锛屽悜鍚勪釜鏂瑰悜浼犳挱銆傜粡杩囧厜鏍呰灏勶紝涓庡厜鏍呴潰娉曠嚎鎴?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="\phi"> φ 瑙掔殑骞宠鍏夛紝缁忛€忛暅鍚庝細鑱氫簬閫忛暅鐒﹀钩闈㈠灞忎笂涓€鐐?p1 锛?span style="font-family: symbola, "times new roman", serif; font-size: 18.4px; white-space: nowrap;">φ 瑙掔о涓鸿灏勮銆傜敱浜庡厜鏍呬笂鍚勭嫮缂濇槸绛夐棿璺濈殑锛屾墍浠ユ部 φ 瑙掓柟鍚戠殑鐩搁偦鍏夋潫闂寸殑鍏夌▼宸兘绛変簬 dsinφ 锛屽洜涓哄厜绋嬪樊涓€瀹氾紝瀹冧滑褰兼涔嬮棿灏嗗彂鐢熷共娑夈€傜敤閫忛暅灏嗙粡杩囧厜鏍呰灏勭殑骞宠鍏変細鑱氫簬閫忛暅鐒﹀钩闈㈠灞忎笂锛屽皢鍛堢幇鐢卞崟缂濊灏勫拰澶氱紳骞叉秹缁煎悎鏁堟灉鎵€褰㈡垚鐨勫厜鏍呰灏勬潯绾广€?/p>
褰撴部φ瑙掓柟鍚戜紶鎾殑鐩搁偦鍏夋潫闂村厜绋嬪樊 dsinφ 绛変簬鍏ュ皠鍏夋尝闀跨殑鏁存暟鍊嶆椂锛屽悇缂濆皠鍑虹殑銆佽仛鐒︿簬灞忎笂 p1 鐐圭殑鍏夊洜鐩稿共鍙犲姞寰楀埌鍔犲己锛屽舰鎴愭槑鏉＄汗銆傚洜姝わ紝鍏夋爡琛嶅皠鏄庣汗鐨勬潯浠舵槸φ蹇呴』婊¤冻 dsinφ=kλ 锛坘=0锛?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="\pm">± 1锛?/span>± 2……锛?/p>
姝ゅ紡绉颁负鍏夋爡鏂圭▼锛屽畠鏄爺绌跺厜鏍呰灏勭殑鍩烘湰鍏紡銆?/p>
婊¤冻鍏夋爡鏂圭▼鐨勬槑鏉＄汗绉颁负涓绘瀬澶ф潯绾癸紝涔熺о涓哄厜璋辩嚎锛宬绉颁负涓绘瀬澶х骇鏁般€俴锛?鏃讹紝φ=0锛?/span>绉颁负闆剁骇鏉＄汗锛屽搴斾簬涓ぎ鏄庢潯绾癸紝涓ぎ鏄庢潯绾硅仛闆嗕簡鍏ュ皠鍏夋€昏兘閲忕殑澶ч儴鍒嗭紝鍥犺€岃緝浜€俴=± 1锛宬=± 2锛?hellip;…鍒嗗埆涓哄绉板湴鍒嗗竷鍦ㄤ腑澶槑鏉＄汗涓や晶鐨勭1绾с€佺2绾?hellip;涓绘瀬澶ф潯绾广€?/p>
鐢眧sinφ|≤ 1鐭ワ紝涓绘瀬澶х殑绾ф暟闄愬埗鏄?nbsp; k≤d/λ
鍗冲湪缁欏畾鍏夋爡甯告暟鐨勬儏鍐典笅锛屽厜璋辩骇鏁版槸鏈夐檺鐨勶紝鍐嶇患鍚堣€冭檻涓嶅悓绾ф璋辩嚎鍏夊己鐨勫彉鍖栵紝瀹為獙涓€氬父鏈€澶氳兘瑙傚療鍒扮2銆佺3绾т富鏋佸ぇ鏉＄汗銆?/p>
鐢ㄥ垎鍏変华娴嬪緱绗?k 绾ц氨绾跨殑琛嶅皠瑙掑悗锛岃嫢宸茬煡鍏夋爡甯告暟 d 灏卞彲姹傚嚭鍏ュ皠鍏夌殑娉㈤暱锛岃繖灏辨槸鐢ㄥ厜鏍呮祴閲忓厜娉㈡尝闀跨殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊銆傚弽涔嬶紝鑻ョ粰瀹氭尝闀?span style="font-family: "times new roman", symbola, serif; font-size: 18.4px; white-space: nowrap;">λ锛屽垯鍙眰鍑哄厜鏍呭父鏁?d 銆?/p>
濡傝嫢鍗曡壊骞宠鍏変笉鏄瀭鐩寸収灏勫湪鍏夋爡涓婏紝鑰屾槸浠ュ叆灏勮θ 鏂滃叆灏勫埌鍏夋爡涓婏紝鍒欏厜鏍呮柟绋嬪彉涓?br />
d (sinθ sin 肖)= k λ锛?k =0,± 1 ,±2锛?hellip;…锛?/p>
2锛庡厜鏍呰壊鏁ｆ湰棰嗕笌鍒嗚鲸鏈
鐢卞紡 dsinφ=kλ 锛坘=0锛?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="\pm" style="font-size: 18.4px;">± 1锛?span style="font-family: symbola, "times new roman", serif; font-size: 18.4px; white-space: nowrap;">± 2……锛?鍙煡锛屽鏋滃叆灏勫厜娉㈤暱涓嶅悓锛屽垯鍚岀瓑绾у厜璋愯灏勮涓嶅悓锛屾尝闀胯秺闀匡紝琛嶅皠瑙掕秺澶э紝杩欏氨鏄厜鏍呯殑鍒嗗厜鍘熺悊銆傚鏋滃叆灏勫厜鏄鑹插厜锛屽垯鐢变簬娉㈤暱涓嶅悓锛岃灏勮 φ 涔熷悇涓嶅悓锛屼簬鏄笉鍚岀殑娉㈤暱灏辫鍒嗗紑锛屾寜娉㈤暱浠庡皬鍒板ぇ渚濇鎺掑垪锛屾垚涓轰竴缁勫僵鑹叉潯绾癸紝杩欏氨鏄厜璋憋紝杩欑鐜拌薄绉颁负鑹叉暎鐜拌薄銆?/p>
瑙掕壊鏁ｇ巼琛ㄧず鍏夋爡灏嗕笉鍚屾尝闀跨殑鍚岀骇璋辩嚎鍒嗗紑鐨勭▼搴︼紝鏄厜鏍呯殑涓昏鎬ц兘鍙傛暟涔嬩竴銆?/p>
璁句袱鍗曡壊鍏夋尝娉㈤暱鍒嗗埆涓?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="\lambda">λ1銆?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="\lambda" style="font-size: 18.4px;">λ2锛屽叾娉㈤暱宸负δλ=| λ1-λ2|锛岀k绾ц灏勮涔嬪樊涓?/span>δφ 锛屽垯璇ョ骇娆＄殑瑙掕壊鏁ｇ巼涓?nbsp; dφ=δφ/δλ
寮忎腑, δλ 鐨勫崟浣嶄负mm锛?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="\delta" style="font-size: 18.4px;">δφ鐨勫崟浣嶄负寮у害銆傜敱寮?dsinφ=kλ 寰?dφ=δφ/δλ=k/dcos肖 锛岃寮忚〃鏄庤鑹叉暎鐜?dφ 涓庡厜鏍呭父鏁版垚鍙嶆瘮锛屼笌璋辩嚎绾ф暟k鎴愭姣旓紝璋辩嚎绾ф瓒婇珮锛岃鑹叉暎鐜囪秺澶с€?/p>
鍏夋爡鍒嗚鲸鏈鏄厜鏍呯殑鍙︿竴閲嶈鎬ц兘鎸囨爣锛屾瘮鑹叉暎鐜囨洿鍏峰疄闄呮剰涔夈€傛湁浜嗗ぇ鐨勮壊鏁ｏ紝骞朵笉鑳戒繚璇佽兘鍒嗚鲸鍑轰袱鏉￠潬杩戠殑璋辩嚎锛岃€岃繖涓€鎬ц兘鏄敱鍒嗚鲸鏈鏉ヨ〃寰佺殑銆傚垎杈ㄦ湰棰嗗畾涔変负鍒氬ソ鑳藉垎杈ㄥ紑鐨勪袱鏉″崟鑹茶氨绾跨殑娉㈤暱宸?nbsp;δλ 涓庤繖涓ょ娉㈤暱鐨勫钩鍧囧€间箣姣斻€?/p>
瀹為獙姝ラ
鍏夋爡鏂圭▼ dsinφ=kλ 鏄湪骞宠鍏夊瀭鐩村叆灏勫埌鍏夋爡骞抽潰鐨勬潯浠朵笅寰楀嚭鐨勶紝鍥犳锛屽湪瀹為獙涓皟鑺備华鍣ㄦ椂瑕佹敞鎰忔弧瓒虫瑕佹眰銆?/p>
浠ヤ笅鏄皟鑺傜殑鍏蜂綋姝ラ锛?/p>
锛?锛?/strong>鎸夊疄楠?.14銆愬疄楠岃缃€戦儴鍒嗙殑“1锛庡垎鍏変华鐨勬瀯閫?ldquo;鍜?ldquo;2锛庡垎鍏変华鐨勮皟鑺?rdquo;鍐呭璋冭妭濂藉垎鍏変华銆?/p>
锛?锛?/strong>璋冭妭鍏夋爡骞抽潰浣夸箣涓庡钩琛屽厜绠″厜杞村瀭鐩?br />
鍒嗗厜浠皟鑺傚ソ鍚庯紝灏嗗厜鏍呮寜濡傚浘鎵€绀虹殑鏂瑰紡鏀剧疆鐗╁彴涓娿€?/p>
鎸′綇鍏夋簮鐨勫厜锛屽紑浜湜杩滈暅涓婄殑灏忕伅锛岃浆鍔ㄨ浇鐗╁彴锛堣繛鍚屽厜鏍咃級锛屼粠鏈涜繙闀滀腑瑙傚療鍏夋爡骞抽潰鍙嶅皠鍥炴潵鐨勭豢鑹插崄瀛楀儚锛屽鍍忕殑姘村钩绾夸笉鍦ㄥ垎鍒掓澘涓婂崄瀛楃嚎姘村钩绾垮锛屽彧鑳借皟鑺傝浇鐗╁彴姘村钩璋冭妭铻洪拤20鐨?b2锛堟垨 b3锛夛紝浣夸簩鑰呴噸鍚堬紝姝ゆ椂鍏夋爡骞抽潰宸插瀭鐩翠簬骞宠鍏夌鍏夎酱銆?/p>
锛?锛?/strong>璋冭妭鍏夋爡浣垮叾閫忓厜鐙潯涓庝华鍣ㄤ富杞村钩琛岋細杞姩鏈涜繙闀滆瀵熻灏勬潯绾圭殑鍒嗗竷銆備互鍒嗗垝鏉挎í绾夸负鍙傝€冪嚎锛屾瘮杈冨乏鍙充袱渚ц氨绾垮湪瑙嗗満涓殑楂樺害鏄惁涓€鑷淬€傚鏋滈珮搴︿笉鍚岋紝璇存槑鍏夋爡鐙紳涓庝华鍣ㄤ富杞翠笉骞宠锛屽彲璋冭妭杞界墿鍙拌灪閽?b1 ,锛堝崈涓囦笉鑳藉姩 b2 鍜?b3 锛変娇璋辩嚎绛夐珮銆?/p>
缁忚繃涓婅堪璋冭妭浠ュ悗锛屽氨鍙互杩涜琛嶅皠瑙掔殑娴嬮噺浜嗐€?/p>
锛?锛?/strong>鐢ㄦ睘鐏収浜钩琛屽厜绠＄殑鐙紳锛屼娇骞宠鍏夊瀭鐩寸収灏勫湪鍏夋爡涓婏紝杞姩鏈涜繙闀滃畾鎬ц瀵熻氨绾跨殑鍒嗗竷瑙勫緥涓庣壒寰侊紱鐒跺悗鏀瑰彉骞宠鍏夊湪鍏夋爡涓婄殑鍏ュ皠瑙掑害锛岃浆鍔ㄦ湜杩滈暅瀹氭€ц瀵熻氨绾跨殑鍒嗗竷鐨勫彉鍖栥€?/p>
锛?锛?/strong>娴嬮噺鑲夌溂鍙互寰堟竻妤氱湅鍒扮殑姹炵伅钃濊壊銆佺豢鑹层€侀粍鑹睮銆侀粍鑹睮i 4鏉¤氨绾裤€備娇骞宠鍏夊瀭鐩寸収灏勫湪鍏夋爡涓婏紝鍏堜娇鏈涜繙闀滃鍑嗕腑澶寒绾匡紝鐒跺悗鍚戝乏杞姩鏈涜繙闀滐紝瀵硅瀵熷埌鐨勬瘡涓€鏉℃睘鍏夎氨绾匡紝浣胯氨绾夸腑澶笌鍒嗗垝鏉跨殑鍨傜洿绾块噸鍚堬紝灏嗘湜杩滈暅姝ゆ椂鐨勮浣嶇疆锛?nbsp;p宸?/sub>锛孭‘宸?/sub> 锛夎褰曞埌鏁版嵁琛ㄤ腑銆傚悜鍙宠浆鍔ㄦ湜杩滈暅杩涜娴嬮噺锛屽緱鍒板悇璋辩嚎鐨勶紙 p鍙?/sub>锛?nbsp;p’鍙?/sub>锛夛紝璁板綍鍒版暟鎹〃涓€?/p>
5.9 鍏夋爡鍏夎氨浠殑浣跨敤
瀹為獙鐩殑鍜屼华鍣?/p>
銆愬疄楠岀洰鐨勩€?/strong>
锛?锛変簡瑙ｅ钩闈㈠弽灏勫紡闂€€鍏夋爡鐨勫垎鍏夊師鐞嗗強涓昏鐗规€с€?/p>
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锛?锛夋祴閲忛挩鐏拰姹炵伅鍦ㄥ彲瑙佸厜鑼冨洿鐨勫厜璋便€?/p>
锛?锛夋祴瀹氬厜鏍呭厜璋变华鐨勮壊鍒嗚鲸鑳藉姏銆?/p>
锛?锛夋祴瀹氬共娑夋护鍏夌墖鐨勫厜璋遍€忓皠鐜囨洸绾裤€?/p>
銆愬疄楠屼华鍣ㄣ€?/strong>
wds-3骞抽潰鍏夋爡鍏夎氨浠紙200~800nm)锛屾睘鐏紝閽ㄧ伅锛嗘皹鐏粍浠讹紝骞叉秹婊ゅ厜鐗囩瓑銆?/p>
瀹為獙鍘熺悊
1.骞抽潰鍙嶅皠寮忛棯鑰€鍏夋爡鍘熺悊
锛?锛夊钩闈㈠弽灏勫紡鍏夋爡涓庡厜鏍呮柟绋?nbsp;
鍋囧畾鍒绘ы鐨勬í鏂潰涓洪敮榻垮舰锛屽鍥炬墍绀恒€?/p>
璁惧厜鏍呭叡鏈塏鏉″埢妲斤紝鍏夋爡甯告暟涓篸锛屽厜鏍呮硶骞抽潰涓簄锛屾ы闈㈡硶绾夸负n’锛屾ы闈笌鍏夋爡骞抽潰鐨勫す瑙掍负γ銆傚钩琛屽厜浠ュ叆灏勮i鍏ュ皠鍒板厜鏍呬笂锛岀粡鍏夋爡琛嶅皠鍚庯紝鑰冭檻θ鏂瑰悜涓婄殑鍏夌殑鍏夊己iθ銆傜悊璁轰笂鍙互鎺ㄥ嚭 iθ姝ｆ瘮浜庯紙sinα/α锛?sup2;锛坰innβ/sinβ锛?sup2;锛屽叾涓?alpha;=πa[sinθ sini-锛坈osθ cosi锛塼anγ]/λ锛?beta;=πd锛坰inθ sini锛?λ锛宻inα/α鏄崟鏉″埢妲借灏勯€犳垚鐨勶紝閫氬父鍙綔鍗曟ы琛嶅皠鍥犲瓙銆傦紙sinnβ/sinβ锛夋槸鍚勬ы涔嬮棿鐨勫共娑夐€犳垚鐨勶紝鍙綔妲介棿骞叉秹鍥犲瓙銆?/p>
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锛?锛夐棯鑰€闂
鍏夋爡鐩稿鍏夊己鍒嗗竷鏇茬嚎濡傚浘銆?/p>
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閫夋嫨鍏夋爡涓昏鑰冭檻濡備笅鍥犵礌锛?/p>
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2. 骞抽潰鍏夋爡鍏夎氨浠粨鏋勪笌缁勬垚
锛?锛夊厜瀛︾郴缁?/p>
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1锛夊厜鐢靛€嶅绠＄殑鍩烘湰缁撴瀯 锛?/p>
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浣跨敤鍏夌數鍊嶅绠℃椂锛屽垏鍕夸娇鍏ュ皠鍏夊お寮恒€?/p>
2锛夊厜鐢靛€嶅绠＄殑鍩烘湰鐗规€э細
1. 鐏垫晱搴︼細鍏夌數鍊嶅绠℃帴鏀跺埌鍗曚綅杈愬皠鍔熺巼鍚庢墍浜х敓鐨勭數淇″彿澶у皬绉颁负鍝嶅簲鐜囷紝鍗曚綅a/lm
2. 鏆楃數娴侊細鍏夌數鍊嶅绠℃帴涓婂伐浣滅數鍘嬩箣鍚庯紝鍦ㄦ病鏈夊厜鐓х殑鎯呭喌涓嬶紝瀹冧粛浼氭湁涓€涓緢灏忕殑闃虫瀬鐢垫祦杈撳嚭锛屾鐢垫祦琚о涓烘殫鐢垫祦銆備骇鐢熺殑涓昏鍘熷洜鏄敱鍏夌數闃存瀬鍜屾绾х殑鐑數瀛愬彂灏勬墍浜х敓鐨勭儹鐢垫祦鍜屽厜鐢靛€嶅鍚勬瀬闂寸殑婕忕數娴併€?/p>
3. 鍏夎氨鐗规€э細褰撳厜鐓у皠鍏夌數鍊嶅绠℃椂锛屼骇鐢熺殑鍏変俊鍙风殑寮哄害涓庡叆灏勫厜鐨勮緪灏勫姛鐜囩殑澶у皬鏈夊叧锛屼篃涓庡厜鐨勬尝闀挎湁鍏炽€傚綋鍏夋尝闀夸竴瀹氭椂锛屽厜鐢垫祦鐨勫己搴︿笌杈愬皠鍔熺巼鎴愭姣斻€傚綋鍏ュ皠鍏変负鍗曡壊鍏夛紝涓斿悇鍗曡壊鍏夎緪灏勫姛鐜囦竴瀹氭椂锛屽厜鐢垫祦闅忔尝闀跨殑鍙樺寲鑰屽彉鍖栵紝杩欑鐜拌薄绉颁负鍏夌數鍊嶅绠＄殑鍏夌數鐗规€с€?/p>
锛?锛夊厜鏍呭厜璋变华鎿嶄綔锛?/p>
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3.鑹插垎杈ㄧ巼
δλ=b/a*δλ锛宐涓哄嘲鐨勫崐瀹藉害锛宎涓?lambda;1銆?lambda;2宄伴棿鐨勯棿闅旓紝δλ=λ2-λ1
鍏夊己i涓庢尝闀?lambda;鐨勫叧绯绘洸绾垮鍥?/p>
4. 婊ゅ厜鐗囧厜璋辩壒鎬?/strong>
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i0锛?lambda;锛?ki0锛?lambda;锛塗0锛?lambda;锛塖锛?lambda;锛夛紝k涓烘瘮渚嬬郴鏁帮紝鐜板皢鍏夎氨閫忓皠鐜囦负t锛?lambda;锛夌殑婊ゅ厜鐗囨彃鍏ュ厜璺紝鏀剧疆鍦ㄥ叆灏勭嫮缂濅箣闂达紝鍏夌數娴佸彉涓篿γ锛?lambda;锛?ki0锛?lambda;锛塗锛?lambda;锛塗0锛?lambda;锛塖锛?lambda;锛夛紝鍙緱t锛?lambda;锛?iγ锛?lambda;锛?i0(λ)銆傞€忓皠鐜囨洸绾块€氬甫鍗婂搴﹁秺绐勶紝璇存槑婊ゅ厜鐗囩殑鍗曡壊鎬ц秺濂斤紝涓績娉㈤暱λ0銆侀€氬甫鍗婂搴?delta;λ浠ュ強宄板€奸€忓皠鐜嘥0涓烘护鍏夌墖鐨勪笁涓壒寰侀噺銆?/p>
閫忓皠鐜嘥锛?lambda;锛夐殢娉㈤暱鍙樺寲鐨勬洸绾垮鍥?/p>
瀹為獙姝ラ
瀹為獙鍐呭涓烘祴閲忔睘鐏拰閽ㄧ伅鍏夎氨锛屼簡瑙ｄ袱绉嶅厜婧愮殑鍏夎氨鐗规€э紱娴嬮噺鍏夋爡鍏夎氨浠殑鑹插垎杈ㄧ巼锛涙祴閲忔护鍏夌墖鐨勫厜璋辩壒鎬с€?/p>
1. 鍑嗗宸ヤ綔锛?/strong>
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2) 娴嬮噺鍙傛暟璁剧疆锛氬湪“鏂囦欢”鑿滃崟涓紝鎴栭€氳繃宸ュ叿鏍忕殑蹇嵎鎸夐挳杩涘叆“鍙傛暟璁剧疆”鐣岄潰銆傛祴閲忔ā寮忥細閫夋嫨鑳介噺妯″紡锛岀ず鍊艰寖鍥村湪0.0~4095.0锛屾祴閲忎腑濡傛灉淇″彿瓒呭嚭姝よ寖鍥达紝闇€瑕侀€傚綋璋冩暣缂濆鍜岄珮鍘嬪€笺€?/p>
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鎵弿鏂瑰紡锛氶€夋嫨閲嶅鎵弿1娆?/p>
娉㈤暱鑼冨洿锛氭渶澶ц寖鍥?00~800nm 锛屽彲鏍规嵁瀹為獙闇€瑕佽瀹氫笂涓嬮檺銆?/p>
鍏夎氨甯﹀锛氱郴缁熻缃负鎵嬪姩锛屽嵆鏍规嵁闇€瑕佸鍑哄皠锛屽叆灏勭嫮缂濆搴﹁繘琛岀浉搴旂殑璁剧疆銆?/p>
澧炵泭锛氶€夋嫨“1”銆?/p>
2. 鏍″噯鍏夎氨浠殑娉㈤暱鎸囩ず鍊?/strong>
鍒╃敤姘樼伅娉㈤暱鍊间负486. 0nm鐨勮氨绾挎牎鍑嗗厜璋变华銆傚厜婧愰噰鐢ㄦ皹鐏紝閫夋嫨蹇€熸壂鎻忥紝鍦?ldquo;娴嬮噺鏂瑰紡” 鑿滃崟涓紝鎴栧伐鍏锋爮鐨勫揩鎹锋寜閽腑鐐归€?ldquo;鍏夎氨鎵弿”杩涜蹇€熷叏璋辨壂鎻忋€傜偣閫夊悗锛屽厜璋变华寮€濮嬭嚜鍔ㄦ壂鎻忋€傚簲鏍规嵁鑳介噺淇″彿澶у皬鎵嬪伐璋冭妭璐熼珮鍘嬪€笺€佸叆灏勭嫮缂濆搴﹀拰鍑哄皠鐙紳瀹藉害锛岃幏寰楅€傚綋澶у皬鐨勮兘閲忎俊鍙凤紝鐒跺悗鍐嶉€夋嫨涓€熸壂鎻忔皹鐏厜璋便€傚鏋滃湪鎵弿杩囩▼涓繘琛屼腑鏂強淇敼鍙傛暟绛夋搷浣滐紝鍐嶆鎵弿鏃剁郴缁熶粛鐒剁户缁粠涓婁竴娆＄殑娉㈤暱鎵捣銆?/p>
“鏁版嵁澶勭悊”鑿滃崟涓寘鎷?ldquo;璇诲彇鏁版嵁”“宄板€兼绱?rdquo;“鍒诲害鎵╁睍”銆?ldquo;璇诲彇鏁版嵁”鏃讹紝鍙互閲囩敤鍒楄〃鏂瑰紡鎴栧厜鏍囨柟寮忚鍙栧綋鍓嶅浘璋辩殑妯€佺旱鍧愭爣銆?ldquo;鍒楄〃鏂瑰紡”浼氬湪灞忓箷涓婄粰鍑哄寘鍚尝闀垮拰寮哄害鍊肩殑鏁版嵁琛ㄦ牸锛?ldquo;鍏夋爣”璇诲彇鏃讹紝灏嗗厜鏍囩疆浜庤氨绾夸笂鐨勬煇涓€涓暟鎹偣澶勶紝鐩稿簲鐨勬尝闀垮拰寮哄害鍊间細鍦ㄧ晫闈笅鏂规樉绀恒€?ldquo;宄板€兼绱?rdquo;鍙互鏍规嵁杈撲汉鐨勫嘲鍊奸珮搴︼紝鑷姩妫€绱㈠嚭褰撳墠鍥捐氨鏂囦欢涓湪涓€瀹氳寖鍥村唴鐨勫嘲鍊硷紝骞剁粰鍑虹粨鏋溿€?ldquo;鍒诲害鎵╁睍”鍙互瀵瑰綋鍓嶆í绾靛潗鏍囩殑璧峰銆佺粓姝㈠埢搴﹀湪绯荤粺鍏佽鐨勮寖鍥村唴杩涜鐩稿簲鐨勬斁澶ф垨缂╁皬銆?/p>
鍒╃敤“鏁版嵁澶勭悊”鑿滃崟鐨勫姛鑳借鍑烘祴閲忕殑姘樼伅鍏夎氨璋辩嚎娉㈤暱銆傚鏋滃厜璋变华缁欏嚭鐨勫皵鐏氨绾挎尝闀垮€间笌鏍囧噯娉㈤暱鏈夊亸宸紝鐢?ldquo; 绯荤粺鎿嶄綔”鑿滃崟涓殑“ 娉㈤暱鏍℃”鍔熻兘杩涜鏍℃锛屽嵆鍦?ldquo;褰撳墠娉㈤暱鍋忓樊鍊?rdquo;瀵硅瘽妗嗕腑杈撲汉浠櫒鏄剧ず鐨勬尝闀垮€间笌鏍囧噯娉㈤暱鍊肩殑宸€硷紝鐐瑰嚮纭畾鍗冲彲銆?/p>
鏍″噯鍚庯紝閲嶆柊鎵弿姘樼伅鍏夎氨锛屽苟淇濆瓨涓篢xt 鏂囦欢銆?/p>
3. 姹炵伅鍏夎氨鍜屽厜璋变华鍒嗚鲸鐜囩殑娴嬮噺
1)鍏ュ皠缂濆鍜屽嚭灏勭紳瀹借瀹氬湪0.15 -0. 20mm涔嬮棿锛岃礋楂樺帇-300~ -600v涔嬮棿銆?/p>
2)绉诲幓閽ㄧ伅&姘樼伅缁勪欢锛屽皢姹炵伅缃簬鍏ュ皠鐙紳鍓嶏紝杩涜蹇€熷叏璋辨壂鎻?鏍规嵁鍏夎氨娴嬮噺缁撴灉杩涗竴姝ヨ皟鑺傜嫮缂濆搴︺€佽礋楂樺帇绛夊弬鏁帮紝浣垮緱璁板綍鐨勮氨绾块珮搴﹂€傚綋锛屽啀杩涜涓€娆℃參閫熷叏璋辨壂鎻忥紝淇濆瓨瀹為獙鏁版嵁涓篢xt鏂囦欢銆?/p>
4. 婊よ壊鐗囧厜璋辩壒鎬х殑娴嬮噺
绉诲幓姹炵伅锛屽皢閽ㄧ伅缃簬鍏ュ皠鐙紳鍓嶏紝閫夋嫨“鏈€蹇?rdquo;妗ｈ繘琛屽叏璋辨壂鎻忥紝鏍规嵁鎵弿缁敤鍒ゆ柇鏄惁闇€瑕侀噸鏂拌瀹氱紳瀹姐€佽礋楂樺帇绛夊弬鏁帮紝浠ュ緱鍒板悎閫傜殑鍥捐氨锛屼繚瀛樺疄楠屾暟鎹负txt鏂囦欢銆傜劧鍚庝繚鎸佷华鍣ㄥ悇鍙傛暟涓嶅彉锛屽姞鍏ユ护鍏夌墖锛屽啀鎵弿涓€娆″浘璋憋紝淇濆瓨瀹為獙鏁版嵁涓篢xt鏂囦欢銆傛渶鍚庯紝鍦ㄦ棤鍏夌収灏勪笅鎵弿涓€娆″浘璋?鏆楃數娴佸€?锛屼繚瀛樺疄楠屾暟鎹负txt鏂囦欢銆?/p>
5. 閫€鍑虹郴缁熶笌鍏虫満
娴嬭瘯缁撴潫鏃讹紝灏嗚礋楂樺帇璋冭妭鑷抽浂銆傚崟鍑昏彍鍗曟爮涓?ldquo;鏂囦欢/閫€鍑虹郴缁?rdquo;锛屾寜鐓ф彁绀哄叧闂數婧愰€€鍑轰华鍣ㄦ搷浣滅郴缁熴€?/p>
5.10 鍏夌數鏁堝簲
瀹為獙鐩殑鍜屼华鍣?/p>
銆愬疄楠岀洰鐨勩€?/strong>
1锛?nbsp; 瑙傚療鍏夌數鏁堝簲鐜拌薄锛屼簡瑙ｅ厜鐢垫晥搴旂殑鍩烘湰瀹為獙瑙勫緥锛屽姞娣卞鍏夌殑閲忓瓙鎬х殑鐞嗚в銆?/p>
2锛?nbsp; 娴嬮噺鏅湕鍏嬪父鏁?h锛岄€稿嚭鍔熷拰绾㈢嚎棰戠巼銆?/p>
銆愬疄楠屼华鍣ㄣ€?/strong>
zky-gd-4鍏夌數鏁堝簲瀹為獙浠?/p>
瀹為獙鍘熺悊
鐮旂┒鍏夌數鏁堝簲鐨勫疄楠岃缃腑鐨勭湡绌哄厜鐢电绀烘剰鍥惧鍥炬墍绀猴細
鍏锋湁閫傚綋棰戠巼鐨勫叆灏勫厜閫氳繃绐楀彛w鐓у皠鍒板厜鐢电閲戝睘闃存瀬k涓婏紝鍙戝皠鍑哄厜鐢靛瓙銆傝繖浜涘厜鐢靛瓙鍦ㄧ數鍦轰綔鐢ㄤ笅鍚戦噾灞為槼鏋丄杩佺щ褰㈡垚鍏夌數娴併€傛敼鍙樺鍔犵數鍘婾ak锛堜篃绉板厜鐢电鐢靛帇锛夛紝娴嬮噺鍑哄厜鐢垫祦 i 鐨勫ぇ灏忥紝灏卞彲寰楀埌鍏夌數绠＄殑浼忓畨鐗规€ф洸绾裤€?/p>
锛?锛夊厜鐢电鐢靛帇瀵瑰厜鐢垫祦鐨勫奖鍝?/strong>
鏂藉姞鍦ㄩ槼鏋佸拰闃存瀬涔嬮棿鐨勭數鍘嬪鍏夌數娴佸ぇ灏忕殑褰卞搷濡傚浘鎵€绀猴細
瀵逛簬缁欏畾鐨勫叆灏勫厜棰戠巼鍜屽厜寮猴紝鍏夌數娴佺殑澶у皬闅忔柦鍔犲湪闃虫瀬涓庨槾鏋佷箣闂寸殑鐢靛帇鐨勫澶ц€屽澶э紝褰撴墍鏈夊厜鐢靛瓙杈惧埌闃虫瀬a锛屽厜鐢垫祦杈惧埌鏈€澶у€硷紝杩欎釜鐢垫祦琚о涓?/p>
楗卞拰鐢垫祦銆傚綋鐢靛帇鍑忓皬鏃讹紝鍏夌數娴佸噺灏忥紝浣嗗噺灏忚嚦闆舵椂锛屽厜鐢垫祦涓嶄负闆躲€傝繖琛ㄦ槑锛屽嵆浣挎病鏈夊姞閫熺數鍘嬶紝閮ㄥ垎鍏夌數瀛愪緷闈犺嚜宸辩殑鑳藉姏涔熻兘杈惧埌闃虫瀬a銆傚綋鍦ㄩ槼鏋?/p>
涓庨槾鏋侀棿鏂藉姞涓€涓礋鐢靛帇鏃讹紝鍦ㄦ煇涓€鐗瑰畾鐢靛帇us锛屽厜鐢垫祦涓洪浂锛岃繖涓數鍘嬭绉颁负鎴鐢靛帇銆傚浜庡厜寮轰笉鍚岀殑鍏ュ皠鍏夛紝鎴鐢靛帇鐩稿悓锛岃〃鏄庡叆灏勫厜鐨勫厜寮哄鎴鐢靛帇娌℃湁褰卞搷銆?/p>
锛?锛夊叆灏勫厜寮哄鍏夌數娴佺殑褰卞搷
瀵逛簬缁欏畾鐨勫叆灏勫厜棰戠巼锛岄ケ鍜屽厜鐢垫祦im鐨勫ぇ灏忛殢鍏ュ皠鍏夊己p鐨勫澶ц€岀嚎鎬у澶с€傚鍥炬墍绀猴細
锛?锛夊叆灏勫厜棰戠巼瀵瑰厜鐢垫祦鐨勫奖鍝?/strong>
瀵逛簬缁欏畾鐨勫叆灏勫厜寮猴紝楗卞拰鍏夌數娴佷笉渚濊禆浜庡叆灏勫厜鐨勯鐜囥€傜敱浜庡厜鐢垫祦鐨勫ぇ灏忓彧渚濊禆浜庨€稿嚭鐨勫厜鐢靛瓙鐨勬暟閲忥紝鍥犺€屽彧渚濊禆浜庡叆灏勭殑鍏夊瓙鐨勬暟閲忥紝鑰屼笌鍏夊瓙鐨?/p>
鑳介噺鏃犲叧锛屽鍥炬墍绀猴細
锛?锛夊叆灏勫厜棰戠巼瀵规埅姝㈢數鍘嬬殑褰卞搷
瀵逛簬缁欏畾鐨勫叆灏勫厜寮猴紝鍏夌數娴侀殢鏂藉姞鍦ㄩ槼鏋佷笌闃存瀬涔嬮棿鐨勭數鍘嬬殑澧炲ぇ鑰屽澶э紝鐩磋嚦楗卞拰銆備絾瀵逛簬涓嶅悓棰戠巼鐨勫叆灏勫厜锛岄ケ鍜岀數娴佺浉鍚屻€傞殢鐫€鍏夌數鐢靛帇鍑忓皬锛屽厜
鐢垫祦鍑忓皬锛屽苟鍦ㄦ埅姝㈢數鍘嬫椂鍑忓皬涓洪浂锛屼笉鍚岄鐜囩殑鍏ュ皠鍏夛紝鎴鐢靛帇涓嶅悓銆傚叆灏勫厜棰戠巼瓒婇珮锛屾埅姝㈢數鍘嬭秺楂樸€?/p>
锛?锛夋埅姝㈤鐜?/strong>
鎴鐢靛帇us涓庨鐜?nu;濡傚浘鎵€绀猴細
涓よ€呮垚姝ｆ瘮鍏崇郴锛屼絾鐩寸嚎骞朵笉閫氳繃鍘熺偣銆傝繖琛ㄦ槑鏈変竴涓渶灏忛鐜?nu;0瀛樺湪锛屽綋鍏ュ皠鍏夐鐜囦綆浜庤鍊兼椂锛屼笉璁哄厜鐨勫己搴﹀浣曞ぇ锛岄兘娌℃湁鍏夌數娴佷骇鐢熴€傝繖涓渶灏忛
鐜囪绉颁负鎴棰戠巼锛屼篃绉颁负绾㈤檺锛?nu;0闅忎笉鍚岄噾灞炶€屽紓銆?/p>
锛?锛夌灛鏃惰繃绋?/strong>
鍏夌數瀛愬彂灏勮繃绋嬫槸鐬椂杩囩▼銆傚嵆鍏锋湁閫傚綋棰戠巼鐨勫厜涓€鐓у皠鍒伴噾灞炰笂锛岀珛鍗冲氨鏈夊厜鐢靛瓙鍙戝皠鍑烘潵锛屾墍缁忚繃鐨勬椂闂村彧鏈?0-8s閲忕骇銆?/p>
锛?锛変竴瀵逛竴鍙戝皠
鍏夌數瀛愮殑鍙戝皠鏄竴瀵逛竴鍙戝皠锛屽嵆姣忎竴涓叿鏈夐€傚綋棰戠巼鐨勫厜瀛愬彂灏勪竴涓厜鐢靛瓙銆?/p>
浠ヤ笂灏辨槸鍏夌數鏁堝簲鐨勫熀鏈疄楠屼簨瀹烇紝涓轰簡瑙ｉ噴鍏夌數鏁堝簲鐜拌薄锛岀埍鍥犳柉鍧︽彁鍑轰簡鍏夌數鏁堝簲鏂圭▼銆傛寜鐓х埍鍥犳柉鍧︾殑鍏夐噺瀛愮悊璁猴紝鍏夎兘骞朵笉鍍忕數纾佹尝鐞嗚鎵€鎯宠薄鐨?/p>
閭ｆ牱锛屽垎甯冨湪娉㈡尟闈笂锛岃€屾槸闆嗕腑鍦ㄨ绉颁负鍏夊瓙鐨勫井绮掍笂锛屼絾杩欑寰矑浠嶇劧淇濇寔鐫€棰戠巼锛堟垨娉㈤暱锛夌殑姒傚康锛岄鐜囦负ν鐨勫厜瀛愬叿鏈夌殑鑳介噺涓篍=hν锛宧涓烘櫘鏈楀厠甯?/p>
閲忋€傚綋鍏锋湁鑳介噺hν鐨勫厜瀛愮収灏勫埌閲戝睘琛ㄩ潰涓婃椂锛屽厜瀛愮殑鑳介噺涓€娆¤閲戝睘涓殑鐢靛瓙鍏ㄩ儴鍚告敹锛岃€屾棤闇€绉疮鑳介噺鐨勬椂闂淬€傜數瀛愭妸杩欎竴鑳介噺鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎鐢ㄦ潵鍏?/p>
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瀹堟亽鍘熺悊锛岀埍鍥犳柉鍧︽彁鍑轰簡钁楀悕鐨勫厜鐢垫晥搴旀柟绋嬶細hν=1/2*m*v02 a 寮忎腑锛?/2*m*v02涓哄厜鐢靛瓙鑾峰緱鐨勫垵濮嬪姩鑳姐€傝€冭檻鍒伴€稿嚭鍔烝=hν0锛屽皢绛夊紡鏀瑰啓锛?/p>
1/2*m*v02=h(ν-ν0) 銆傚疄楠屼腑鍙牴鎹埍鍥犳柉鍧﹀厜鐢垫晥搴旀柟绋嬫潵妫€楠屽厜鐢垫晥搴旂殑瀹為獙瑙勫緥
1锛夊鏋?nu;<ν0锛屽垯 1/2*m*v02 涓鸿礋鍊硷紝杩欐槸涓嶅彲鑳界殑銆傛墍浠ワ紝鍙湁褰?nu;>ν0鏃讹紝鎵嶄細鏈夊厜鐢靛瓙鍙戝皠銆?/p>
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娴嬮噺娉㈤暱涓?365. 0mm, 404.7mm锛?35.8nm,546.1nm.577. 0nm鐨勫厜鐓у皠涓嬪厜鐢电鐨勪紡瀹夌壒鎬ф洸绾裤€傜爺绌跺叆灏勫厜棰戠巼瀵瑰厜鐢垫祦鐨勫奖鍝嶃€?/p>
鍏蜂綋瀹為獙姝ラ濡備笅:
1锛夊厜鐢垫晥搴斿疄楠屼华闈㈡澘涓?/p>
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2)灏嗙洿寰?mm鐨勫厜闃戝強365nm鐨勬护鑹茬墖瑁呭湪鍏夌數绠℃殫绠卞厜杈撳叆鍙ｄ笂銆傛墦寮€姹炵伅閬甮鐩栥€傜數鍘嬫祴閲忚寖鍥翠负-1 -50v锛屼粠浣庡埌楂樿皟鑺傜數鍘嬶紝鍚堢悊鍒嗗竷娴嬮噺鐐癸紝浠ョ粰鍑哄畬鏁寸殑鍏夌數绠＄數鍘?鍏夌數娴佸彉鍖栨洸绾夸互鍙婂叧閿壒寰侊紝灏嗗疄楠屾暟鎹褰曞埌琛ㄤ腑銆?/p>
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4)娴嬮噺鎴鐢靛帇
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鏈疄楠屾墍鐢ㄤ华鍣ㄩ噰鐢ㄦ柊鍨嬬粨鏋勭殑鍏夌數绠°€傚叾鐗规畩缁撴瀯浣垮厜涓嶈兘鐩存帴鐓у皠鍒伴槼鏋侊紝鐢遍槾鏋佸弽灏勭収鍒伴槼鏋佺殑鍏変篃寰堝皯锛屽啀鍔犱笂閲囩敤鏂板瀷鐨勯槾銆侀槼鏋佹潗鏂欏強鍒堕€犲伐鑹猴紝浣垮緱闃虫瀬鍙嶅悜鐢垫祦澶уぇ闄嶄綆锛屾殫鐢垫祦鍜屾湰搴曠數娴侀兘寰堝皬銆傚洜姝わ紝鏈疄楠屼华鍣ㄥ湪娴嬮噺涓嶅悓棰戠巼鍏夋尝鐨勬埅姝㈢數鍘婾s鏃讹紝鍙互閲囩敤“闆剁數娴佹硶”鎴?ldquo;琛ュ伩娉?rdquo;銆?ldquo;闆剁數娴佹硶”鏄洿鎺ュ皢鍚勯鐜囧厜鐓у皠涓嬫祴寰楃殑鐢垫祦涓洪浂鏃跺搴旂殑鐢靛帇uak鐨勭粷瀵瑰€间綔涓烘埅姝㈢數鍘婾s銆?ldquo;琛ュ伩娉?rdquo;鏄皟鑺傜數鍘婾ak浣跨數娴佷负闆跺悗锛屼繚鎸乁ak涓嶅彉锛岄伄鎸℃睘鐏厜婧愶紝姝ゆ椂娴嬪緱鐨勭數娴両1涓虹數鍘嬫帴杩戞埅姝㈢數鍘嬫椂鐨勬殫鐢垫祦鍜屾湰搴曠數娴併€傞噸鏂拌姹炵伅鐓у皠鍏夌數绠★紝璋冭妭鐢靛帇uak浣跨數娴佸€艰嚦i1锛屽皢姝ゆ椂瀵瑰簲鐨勭數鍘婾ak鐨勭粷瀵瑰€间綔涓烘埅姝㈢數鍘婾s銆傛娉曞彲琛ュ伩鏆楃數娴佸拰鏈簳鐢垫祦瀵规祴閲忕粨鏋滅殑褰卞搷銆?/p>
杩欓噷灏嗛噰鐢ㄩ浂鐢垫祦娉曟祴閲忔尝闀垮垎鍒负365. 0nm銆?04. 7nm銆?35. 8nm銆?46. 1nm,577. 0nm鍏ュ皠鍏夌殑鎴鐢靛帇us銆傚叿浣撴祴閲忔楠ゅ涓?
鈶犲厜鐢垫晥搴斿疄楠屼华闈㈡澘涓?ldquo;浼忓畨鐗规€ф祴璇?鎴鐢靛帇娴嬭瘯”鐘舵€侀敭鍒囨崲涓烘埅姝㈢數鍘嬫祴璇曠姸鎬侊紝骞舵寜“璋冮浂纭绯荤粺娓呴浂”閿繘琛岀‘璁ゃ€?ldquo;鐢垫祦閲忕▼”寮€鍏冲簲澶勪簬“10-13a” 妗?/p>
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鈶緷娆℃崲涓?05nm锛?36nm ,546nm 577nm鐨勬护鑹茬墖锛岄噸澶嶇2姝ユ祴閲忋€?/p>
(2) 鍏ュ皠鍏夊厜寮篜瀵归ケ鍜屽厜鐢垫祦im鐨勫奖鍝?nbsp;
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5.11 鐢靛瓙鐢佃嵎e鍊肩殑娴嬪畾
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锛?锛夊涔犲瘑绔嬫牴娌规淮瀹為獙鐨勮璁℃€濇兂.
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瀹為獙鍘熺悊
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娌规淮瀹為獙鍘熺悊鍥惧鍥撅細
a銆丅涓轰袱鍧楃浉璺濅负d鐨勫钩琛屾澘锛孉鏉夸腑澶湁涓€灏忓瓟锛岃兘璁╁井灏忕殑娌规淮浠庡瓟涓惤鍏ュ埌鏋佹澘闂淬€侫銆丅鏉垮涓嶅姞鐢靛帇锛屾补婊村皢鍥犻噸鍔涗綔鐢ㄨ€岃嚜鐢变笅钀斤紝褰揂銆丅涓ゆ澘鍔犱笂鐢靛帇涓旀补婊村張甯︽湁鐢佃嵎(鐢卞柗闆惧櫒鍠峰嚭娌规淮鏃跺洜鎽╂摝鍙娇涔嬪甫鐢?鏃讹紝鍒欐补婊磋鍙楀埌鐢靛満鍔涚殑浣滅敤锛屾敼鍙樼數鍦虹殑鏂瑰悜鍙娇娌规淮鍚戜笂鎴栧悜涓嬭繍鍔ㄣ€傜敱浜庣┖姘旂殑榛忔粸鎬э紝娌规淮杩愬姩涓€灏忔璺濈鍚庡氨瑕佸仛鍖€閫熻繍鍔ㄣ€傛补婊磋繘鍏ュ寑閫熻繍鍔ㄥ墠鐨勫彉閫熻繍鍔ㄦ椂闂撮潪甯哥煭锛屽皬浜?.01s锛屼笌璁℃椂鍣ㄧ簿搴︾浉褰擄紝鍥犳鍦ㄦ祴閲忎笂鍙互璁や负娌规淮浠庨潤姝㈠紑濮嬭繍鍔ㄧ珛鍒昏繘鍏ュ寑閫熻繍鍔ㄣ€?/p>
璁炬补婊磋川閲忎负m锛岀數鑽烽噺涓簈锛屽綋a銆丅涓ゆ澘涓嶅姞鐢靛帇锛屽苟鐢ㄥ紑鍏?s 灏嗗叾鐭矾浣夸簩鏋佹澘鏃犵數鍦烘椂锛屽垯鍦ㄩ噸鍔涗綔鐢ㄤ笅锛屾补婊翠笅钀斤紝浣嗙┖姘旂殑榛忔粸鎬у娌规淮鎵€浜х敓鐨勯樆鍔涗笌閫熷害鎴愭姣旓紝娌规淮璧颁竴灏忔璺濈閫熷害杈惧埌涓€瀹氬€紇g鏃躲€傜矘婊炲姏f灏变笌閲嶅姏骞宠 锛屽嵆f=mg锛屾牴鎹柉鎵樺厠鏂畾寰?f=6πηrvg銆傚紡涓紝η涓虹┖姘旂殑榛忓害锛況涓烘补婊村崐寰勩€傝繖鏃?πηrvg=mg銆傚鏋滃湪骞宠鏋佹澘涓婂姞鐢靛満e锛岃鐢靛満鍔泀e涓庨噸鍔涙柟鍚戠浉鍙嶏紝娌规淮鍙楃數鍦哄姏浣滅敤鍔犻€熶笂鍗囷紝鐢变簬绌烘皵闃诲姏浣滅敤锛屼笂鍗囦竴娈佃窛绂诲悗锛屾补婊存墍鍙楃殑绌烘皵闃诲姏銆佺數鍦哄姏涓庨噸鍔涜揪鍒板钩琛?绌烘皵娴姏蹇界暐涓嶈)锛屾补婊村皢浠ュ寑閫熶笂鍗囷紝閫熺巼涓簐e锛屾湁 6πηrve=qe-mg銆?/p>
鍙緱 q=mg/e *( ( vg ve)/vg
鐢变簬绌烘皵宸炬偓娴拰琛ㄩ潰寮犲姏浣滅敤锛屽彲灏嗘补婊磋浣滃渾鐞冿紝鍏惰川閲忎负 m=4/3*(πr3)(ρ -σ )
寮忎腑锛?rho;涓烘补鐨勫瘑搴? σ涓虹┖姘斿瘑搴︺€?/p>
鐢卞柗闆惧櫒鍠峰嚭鐨勫皬娌规淮鐨勫崐寰剅寰堝皬锛屼负寰背鏁伴噺绾э紝闅句簬鐩存帴娴嬮噺锛屾晠閲囩敤闂存帴娴嬮噺鐨勫姙娉曪紝鍒╃敤鏂墭鍏嬫柉瀹氬緥锛屽彲寰?
r=((9/2)ηvg/((ρ -σ )g))1/2
鑰冭檻鍒版补婊撮潪甯稿皬锛岀┖姘斿凡涓嶈兘鐪嬩綔鏄繛缁粙璐紝绌烘皵鐨勯粡搴﹀簲淇涓?/p>
η'=η/(1 b/(pr))
b涓轰慨姝ｅ父鏁帮紝p涓虹┖姘斿帇寮恒€?/p>
瀹為獙鏃跺彇娌规淮鍖€閫熶笅闄嶅拰鍖€閫熶笂鍗囩殑璺濈鐩哥瓑锛岃涓簂锛屾祴鍑烘补婊村寑閫熶笅闄嶇殑鏃堕棿tg鍜屽寑閫熶笂鍗囩殑鏃堕棿te锛屽垯锛?/p>
vg=l/tg 锛?/sub>ve=l/te
灏嗕互涓婂悇寮忎互鍙奅=u/d锛圲涓篈锛孊涓ゆ瀬鏉夸笂鎵€鍔犵數鍘嬨€乨涓烘澘鏉块棿璺? 浠ｅ叆寮忎腑鍙緱 锛?/p>
鐢辫寮忓彲绠楀嚭娌规淮鎵€甯︾數鑽凤紝寮忎腑娌规淮鍗婂緞鍙互杩戜技璁＄畻銆?鍗充笉瀵归粡搴﹁繘琛屼慨姝?銆?/p>
璇ュ紡涓哄姩鎬?闈炲钩琛?娉曟祴娌规淮鎵€甯︾數鑽风殑璁＄畻鍏紡銆傝繕鍙互鐢ㄩ潤鎬?骞宠 )娉曟祴閲忔补婊存墍甯︾數鑽枫€?/p>
鐢ㄩ潤鎬佹硶娴嬮噺娌规淮鐢佃嵎鏃讹紝闇€瑕佽皟鏁翠袱鏋佹澘涓婃墍鍔犵殑鐢靛帇锛屼娇娌规淮澶勪簬闈欐鐘舵€併€傛鏃秜e=0,鍗炽€倀e閫艰繎∞锛屽彲寰?/p>
涓轰簡姹傜數瀛愮數鑽積锛屽瀹為獙娴嬪緱鐨勫悇涓补婊存墍甯︾數鑽穛姹傛渶澶у叕绾︽暟锛屾渶澶у叕绾︽暟灏辨槸鐢靛瓙鐢佃嵎e鐨勫€笺€備篃鍙互娴嬪悓娌规淮鎵€甯︾數鑽风殑鏀瑰彉閲忊柍q(鍙互鐢ㄧ传澶栫嚎鎴栨斁灏勬簮鐓у皠娌规淮锛屼娇瀹冩墍甯︾數鑽锋敼鍙?锛岃繖鏃垛柍q搴旇繎浼间负鏌愪竴鏈€灏忓崟浣嶇殑鏁存暟鍊嶏紝姝ゆ渶灏忓崟浣嶅嵆涓哄厓鐢佃嵎e銆?/p>
瀹為獙姝ラ
瀛︿範鎺у埗娌规淮鍦ㄨ鍦轰腑鐨勮繍鍔紝骞堕€夋嫨鍚堥€傜殑娌规淮娴嬮噺鍏冪數鑽枫€傝姹傝嚦灏戞祴閲?涓笉鍚岀殑娌规淮锛屾瘡涓补婊存祴閲?娆°€?/p>
1.浠櫒璋冭妭
(1) 姘村钩璋冩暣
璋冩暣瀹為獙浠富鏈轰笂鐨勮皟骞宠灪閽夋棆閽?淇鏃讹紝椤烘椂閽堟棆杞钩鍙伴檷浣庯紝閫嗘椂閽堟棆杞钩鍙板崌楂?锛岀洿鍒版按鍑嗘场姝ｅソ澶勪簬涓績(娉ㄦ剰锛氫笉瑕佹棆杞按鍑嗘场涓婄殑鏃嬮挳)锛屽嵆閫氳繃姘村噯浠皢瀹為獙骞冲彴璋冨钩锛屼娇骞宠 鐢靛満鏂瑰悜涓庨噸鍔涙柟鍚戝钩琛屼互鍏嶅紩璧峰疄楠岃宸€傛瀬鏉垮钩闈㈡槸鍚︽按骞冲喅瀹氫簡娌规淮鍦ㄤ笅钀芥垨鎻愬崌杩囩▼涓槸鍚﹀彂鐢熷墠鍚庛€佸乏鍙崇殑婕傜щ銆?/p>
(2) 鍠烽浘鍣ㄨ皟鏁?nbsp;
灏嗗皯閲忛挓琛ㄦ补缂撴參鐨勫€掑叆鍠烽浘鍣ㄧ殑鍌ㄦ补鑵斿唴锛屼娇閽熻〃娌规巩娌℃彁娌圭涓嬫柟銆傛补涓嶈澶锛屼互鍏嶅疄楠岃繃绋嬩腑涓嶆厧灏嗘补鍊惧€掕嚦娌规淮鐩掑唴鍫靛钀芥补瀛斻€傚皢鍠烽浘鍣ㄧ珫璧凤紝鐢ㄦ墜鎸ゅ帇姘斿泭锛屼娇寰楁彁娌圭鍐呭厖婊￠挓琛ㄦ补銆?/p>
(3) 浠櫒纭欢鎺ュ彛杩炴帴
涓绘満鎺ョ嚎锛氱數婧愮嚎鎺ヤ氦娴?20v/50hz銆傜洃瑙嗗櫒: q9瑙嗛绾跨紗绔帴鐩戣鍣ㄤ笂鐨?ldquo;vide0” 鎻掑骇锛屽彟涓€绔帴涓绘満涓婄殑 “ 瑙嗗睆杈撳嚭”绔彛銆傜洃瑙嗗櫒涓婂墠闈㈡澘璋冩暣鏃嬮挳鑷乏鑷冲彸渚濇涓烘樉绀哄紑鍏炽€佽繑鍥為敭銆佹柟鍚戦敭銆佽彍鍗曢敭(寤鸿浜害璋冩暣涓?0锛屽姣斿害璋冩暣涓?00)銆?/p>
(4) 瀹為獙浠仈鏈轰娇鐢?/strong>
1) 鎵撳紑瀹為獙浠數婧愬強鐩戣鍣ㄧ數婧愶紝鐩戣鍣ㄥ嚭鐜颁华鍣ㄥ悕绉扮晫闈€?/p>
2) 鎸変富鏈轰笂浠绘剰閿紝鐩戣鍣ㄥ嚭鐜板弬鏁拌缃晫闈€傛鏃讹紝鎸変富鏈洪潰鏉夸笂鐨?ldquo;骞宠 /鎻愬崌”鎸夐挳锛岄€夋嫨骞宠 娉曟垨鍔ㄦ€佹硶锛岀劧鍚庤缃噸鍔涘姞閫熷害銆佹补瀵嗗害銆佸ぇ姘斿帇寮恒€佹补婊翠笅钀借窛绂荤瓑銆備富鏈洪潰鏉夸笂鐨?ldquo;<-”涓哄乏绉婚敭銆?ldquo;->”涓哄彸绉婚敭銆?ldquo; ”涓烘暟鎹缃敭銆?/p>
3) 鎸変富鏈洪潰鏉夸笂鐨?ldquo;纭”閿紝鐩戣鍣ㄤ笂鍑虹幇瀹為獙鐣岄潰銆?/p>
姝ゆ椂锛屼富鏈洪潰鏉夸笂鐨勮鏃?ldquo;寮€濮?缁撴潫”鎸夐挳鐨?ldquo;缁撴潫”鎸囩ず鐏寒锛?ldquo;0v/宸ヤ綔”鎸夐挳鐨?ldquo;0v”鎸囩ず鐏寒锛?ldquo;骞宠 /鎻愬崌”鎸夐挳鐨?ldquo;骞宠 ”鎸囩ず鐏寒銆?/p>
(5) ccd 鎴愬儚绯荤粺璋冩暣
浠庡柗闆惧彛鍠峰叆娌归浘锛屾鏃剁洃瑙嗗櫒涓婂簲璇ュ嚭鐜板ぇ閲忚繍鍔ㄦ补婊寸殑鍍忋€傝嫢娌℃湁鐪嬪埌娌规淮鐨勫儚锛屽垯闇€璋冩暣璋冪劍鏃嬮挳鎴栨棣欏柗闆惧櫒鏄惁鏈夋补闆惧柗鍑恒€侰cd鏄惧井闀滃鐒︽椂鍏堝皢鏄惧井闀滅瓛涓婂皬榛戝湀澶栫紭涓庨槻椋庣僵杈圭紭澶ц嚧瀵归綈锛岀劧鍚庡柗娌瑰悗鍐嶇◢绋嶅墠鍚庡井璋冨嵆鍙€傚鏋滄寜涓婅堪鏂规硶璋冭妭濮嬬粓鐪嬩笉鍒版补婊达紝鍒欓鍏堣妫€鏌ュ柗闆惧櫒鏄惁鑳藉柗鍑烘补婊达紝灏嗗柗闆惧櫒瀵圭潃绌轰腑鍠蜂竴涓嬶紝鐢ㄧ溂鐫涚洿鎺ヨ瀵熸湁娌℃湁娌归浘鍗冲彲纭畾銆傚鏋滃柗闆惧櫒鍠烽浘娌℃湁闂锛屽垯鍙互鎵撳紑娌归浘鏉紝鍏堟竻闄ゅ牭濉炰笂鐢垫瀬钀芥补瀛旂殑娌规薄锛岀劧鍚庡湪娌规淮鐩掍腑鏀句竴鏍圭粏閲戝睘锛堟鏃惰鍏堝皢骞宠 鐢靛帇鏀惧埌”0v“妗ｏ級锛岃皟鏄惧井闀滅劍璺濇棆閽紝浣块噾灞炰笣鐨勫儚娓呮櫚鍗冲彲銆傜劍璺濊皟濂藉悗锛屽湪浣跨敤杩囩▼涓紝鍓嶅悗璋冪劍鑼冨洿涓嶈杩囧ぇ銆?/p>
2. 鐔熸倝瀹為獙鐣岄潰
鍦ㄥ畬鎴愬弬鏁拌缃悗锛屾寜“纭”閿紝鐩戣鍣ㄦ樉绀哄疄楠岀晫闈€傚钩琛℃硶鍜屽姩鎬佹硶鐨勫疄楠岀晫闈㈢暐鏈変笉鍚屻€?br />
瀹為獙鐣岄潰鏄剧ず鐨勪富瑕佸唴瀹规湁:
1)鏋佹澘鐢靛帇锛氬疄闄呭姞鍒版瀬鏉跨殑鐢靛帇锛屾樉绀鸿寖鍥? 0 ~9999v銆?/p>
2)缁忓巻鏃堕棿锛氬畾鏃跺紑濮嬪埌瀹氭椂缁撴潫鎵€缁忓巻鐨勬椂闂达紝鏄剧ず鑼冨洿: 0~99.99s銆?br />
3)鐢靛帇淇濆瓨鎻愮ず: 鍦ㄦ瘡娆″畬鏁寸殑瀹為獙鍚庢樉绀哄皢瑕佷綔涓虹粨鏋滀繚瀛樼殑鐢靛帇銆傚綋淇濆瓨瀹為獙缁撴灉鍚?鍗虫寜涓?ldquo;纭”閿?鑷姩娓呴浂銆傛樉绀鸿寖鍥村悓鏋佹澘鐢靛帇銆?br />
4)淇濆瓨缁撴灉鏄剧ず: 鏄剧ず姣忔淇濆瓨鐨勫疄楠岀粨鏋滐紝鍏?娆★紝鏄剧ず鏍煎紡涓庡疄楠屾柟娉曟湁鍏炽€?/p>
骞宠 娉曪細锛堝钩琛＄數鍘嬶級 鍔ㄦ€佹硶锛氾紙鎻愬崌鐢靛帇锛夛紙骞宠 鐢靛帇锛?/p>
锛堜笅钀芥椂闂达級 锛堜笂鍗囨椂闂达級锛堜笅钀芥椂闂达級
褰撻渶瑕佸垹闄ゅ綋鍓嶄繚瀛樼殑瀹為獙缁撴灉鏃讹紝鎸変笅“纭”閿?s浠ヤ笂锛屽綋鍓嶇粨鏋滆娓呴櫎锛堜笉鑳借繛缁垹锛夈€?/p>
5)涓嬭惤璺濈璁剧疆锛氭樉绀哄綋鍓嶈缃殑娌规淮涓嬭惤璺濈銆傚綋闇€瑕佹洿鏀逛笅钀借窛绂荤殑鏃跺€欙紝鎸変綇“骞宠 /鎻愬崌”閿?s浠ヤ笂锛屾鏃惰窛绂昏缃爮琚縺娲?娉ㄦ剰:鍔ㄦ€佹硶1姝ラ鍜?姝ラ涔嬮棿涓嶈兘鏇存敼)锛岄€氳繃“ ”閿?鍗?ldquo;骞宠 /鎻愬崌”閿?淇敼娌规淮涓嬭惤璺濈锛岀劧鍚庢寜“纭”閿‘璁や慨鏀广€傝窛绂绘爣蹇椾篃浼氱浉搴斿彉鍖栥€?/p>
6)璺濈鏍囧織: 鏄剧ず褰撳墠璁剧疆鐨勬补婊翠笅钀借窛绂伙紝鍦ㄧ浉搴旂殑鏍肩嚎涓婂仛鏁板瓧鏍囪锛屾樉绀鸿寖鍥? 0.2~1. 8mm銆傚瀭鐩存柟鍚戣鍦鸿寖鍥翠负2.0mm锛屽垎涓?0鏍硷紝姣忔牸0.2mm銆?/p>
7)瀹為獙鏂规硶: 鏄剧ず褰撳墠鐨勫疄楠屾柟娉? 骞宠 娉曟垨鍔ㄦ€佹硶)锛屽湪鍙傛暟璁剧疆鐢婚潰娆¤瀹氥€傝嫢瑕佹敼鍙樺疄楠屾柟娉曪紝鍙湁閲嶆柊鍚姩浠櫒(鍏炽€佸紑浠櫒鐢垫簮)銆傚浜庡钩琛℃硶锛屽疄楠屾柟娉曟爮浠呮樉绀?ldquo;骞宠 娉?rdquo;瀛楁牱锛涘浜庡姩鎬佹硶锛屽疄楠屾柟娉曟爮闄や簡鏄剧ず“鍔ㄦ€佹硶”浠ュ杩樻樉绀哄嵆灏嗗紑濮嬬殑鍔ㄦ€佹硶姝ラ銆傚灏嗚寮€濮嬪姩鎬佹硶绗竴姝?娌规淮涓嬭惤)锛屽疄楠屾柟娉曟爮鏄剧ず“1 鍔ㄦ€佹硶”銆傚悓鏍凤紝褰撳仛瀹屽姩鎬佹硶绗楠?锛屽嵆灏嗗紑濮嬬浜屾楠ゆ椂锛屽疄楠屾柟娉曟爮鏄剧ず “2 鍔ㄦ€佹硶” 銆?/p>
3. 閫夋嫨閫傚綋鐨勬补婊村苟缁冧範鎺у埗娌规淮
(1) 閫夋嫨閫傚綋鐨勬补婊?nbsp;
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(2) 骞宠 鐢靛帇鐨勭‘璁?nbsp;
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(3) 鎺у埗娌规淮鐨勮繍鍔?/strong> 濡傚浘鎵€绀猴紝灏嗘补婊村钩琛″湪鐩戣鍣ㄥ睆骞曢《绔殑绗竴鏉℃牸绾夸笂銆?/p>
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4. 姝ｅ紡娴嬮噺
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骞宠 娴嬮噺娉曪細
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骞宠 娉曠ず鎰忓浘濡傚浘鎵€绀猴細
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5锛夊皢“骞宠 /鎻愬崌”鎸夐敭缃簬“鎻愬崌”锛屾补婊村皢琚彁鍗囧悜涓婅繍鍔紝褰撳洖鍒伴珮浜庢湁“0”鏍囪鏍肩嚎鏃讹紝灏?ldquo;骞宠 /鎻愬崌”鎸夐敭缃洖“骞宠 ”锛屾补婊村仠姝笂鍗囷紝鐒跺悗閲嶆柊璋冩暣骞宠 鐢靛帇锛屼娇鍏堕潤姝紝寰楀埌鏂扮殑骞宠 鐢靛帇
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1. 璁よ瘑瀹為獙浠櫒
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2. 瀹為獙娴嬮噺
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2. 鑴夊啿瓒呭０娉㈢殑浜х敓鍙婂叾鐗圭偣
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鎾埌璇曞潡搴曢潰鐨勬椂闂翠负锛歵 = ( t1 - t0 )/2
濡傛灉璇曞潡鏉愭枡鍧囧寑瓒呭０娉㈡尝閫?v 涓€瀹氭椂锛屽垯瓒呭０娉㈠湪璇曞潡涓殑浼犳挱璺濈涓?nbsp; s=v * t
3.瓒呭０娉㈡尝鍨嬪強鍏舵崲鑳藉櫒绉嶇被
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寮忎腑锛?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="\alpha\beta">αl鍜?nbsp;αs 鍒嗗埆鏄旱娉㈠弽灏勮鍜屾í娉㈠弽灏勮锛?span style="font-family: "times new roman", symbola, serif; font-size: 18.4px; font-style: italic; white-space: nowrap;">βl鍜?nbsp;βs 鍒嗗埆鏄旱娉㈡姌灏勮鍜屾í娉㈡姌灏勮锛泇1l 鍜?nbsp;v1s鍒嗗埆鏄涓€绉嶄粙璐ㄧ殑绾垫尝澹伴€熷拰妯尝澹伴€燂紱v2l 鍜?nbsp;v2s鍒嗗埆鏄浜岀浠嬭川鐨勭旱娉㈠０閫熷拰妯尝澹伴€熴€?/p>
4. 瓒呭０娉㈠湪鍥轰綋涓殑浼犳挱
鍦ㄦ皵浣撲粙璐ㄤ腑澹版尝鍙兘鏄旱娉紝鑰屽湪鍥轰綋浠嬭川涓敱浜庡浐浣撳彲浠ユ壙鍙楀垏鍙樺舰鍙橈紝鎵€浠ュ０娉㈠彲浠ユ寜绾垫尝鎴栨í娉袱绉嶆尝褰紶鎾€?/p>
鍦ㄥ悇鍚戝悓鎬х殑鍥轰綋鏉愭枡涓紝搴斿姏鍜屽簲鍙樻弧瓒崇殑鑳″厠瀹氬緥銆?/p>
瀵逛簬鍚屼竴绉嶅浐浣撴潗鏂欙紙寮规€т粙璐級锛屽叾绾垫尝澹伴€熷拰妯尝澹伴€熺殑澶у皬涓€鑸笉鍚岋紝鑰屼笌鏉愭枡鑷韩鐨勫瘑搴︺€佸脊鎬фā閲忓拰娉婃澗绯绘暟绛夊脊鎬у弬鏁版湁鍏炽€傚浐浣撳湪澶栧姏浣滅敤涓嬶紝鍏堕暱搴︽部鍔涚殑鏂瑰悜浜х敓鍙樺舰锛屽彉褰㈡椂鐨勫簲鍔涗笌搴斿彉涔嬫瘮灏卞畾涔変负寮规€фā閲忥紙e锛夛紱鍦ㄥ簲鍔涗綔鐢ㄤ笅锛屾部绾靛悜鏈変竴姝ｅ簲鍙橈紙浼搁暱锛夛紝娌挎í鍚戝氨灏嗘湁涓€涓礋搴斿彉锛堢缉鐭級锛屾í鍚戝簲鍙樹笌绾靛悜搴斿彉涔嬫瘮琚畾涔変负娉婃澗绯绘暟锛?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="\sigma">σ 锛夈€?/p>
vl涓烘潗鏂欎腑绾垫尝澹伴€燂紱vs涓烘潗鏂欎腑妯尝澹伴€燂紱e涓哄脊鎬фā閲忥紱σ涓烘硦鏉剧郴鏁帮紱ρ 涓烘潗鏂欑殑瀵嗗害銆?/p>
t涓虹旱妯尝閫熷害姣旓紝鍗砊= vl / vs銆?/p>
瀹為獙姝ラ
1. 瑙傚療浠櫒鎺ユ敹鍒拌秴澹板洖娉紙鐩存帰澶翠笌鍊炬枩鎺㈠ご锛?/strong>
1) 鍦ㄩ摑璇曞潡csk- ib琛ㄩ潰鍔犱笂閫傞噺鐨勮€﹀悎鍓傦紙姘达級浣跨敤鐩存帰澶寸殑鎺㈡祴闈笌璇曞潡绱у瘑鎺ヨе銆?/p>
2) 璋冭妭绀烘尝鍣紝浣垮叾宸ヤ綔鍦╕t鑰﹀悎妯″紡涓嬶紝骞惰皟鑺傛壂鎻忛€熺巼涓?0us/鏍?(鍙牴鎹疄闄呮祴閲忕暐鍋氳皟鏁?銆乊杞寸伒鏁忓害涓?v/鏍笺€?/p>
3) 瑙傚療鐩存帰澶存帴鏀跺埌鐨勮秴澹板湪璇曞潡涓紶鎾悗鐨勫洖娉俊鍙凤紝骞堕€傚綋璋冭妭瓒呭０娉㈠疄楠屼华涓婄殑琛板噺鍊硷紝浣垮緱鍒扮殑淇″彿鏈揪鍒伴ケ鍜屼笖鏈夎緝鏄庢樉鐨勫洖娉俊鍙枫€?/p>
4) 鏇存崲鏂滄帰澶达紝鍚屾牱閫傚綋璋冭妭瓒呭０娉㈠疄楠屼华涓婄殑琛板噺鍊硷紝瑙傚療鏂滄帰澶存帴鏀跺埌鐨勮秴澹板湪璇曞潡涓紶鎾悗鐨勫洖娉俊鍙枫€?/p>
2. 娴嬮噺鏂滄帰澶存墍浜х敓鐨勮秴澹版尝锛堟í娉級鍏ュ皠閾濆潡鏃剁殑鎶樺皠瑙?/strong>
浣跨敤閾濊瘯鍧桟sk-ib涓婄殑a銆丅妯€氬瓟娴嬮噺鏂滄帰澶存墍浜х敓鐨勮秴澹版尝锛堟í娉級鍏ュ皠閾濆潡鏃剁殑鎶樺皠瑙掞紝濡傚浘鎵€绀恒€?/p>
鍒嗗埆浣挎枩鎺㈠ご瀵瑰噯a瀛斿拰b瀛旓紝瀵瑰噯鏃剁ず娉㈠櫒寰楀埌鐨勪俊鍙蜂负鏈€澶у€硷紝鍒嗗埆鐢ㄩ挗鏉垮昂娴嬮噺鍥句腑鐨凩a1銆丩b1銆丠鍜孡鍗冲彲寰楀埌璇ヨ秴澹版í娉㈢殑鎶樺皠瑙?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="\beta">βs銆傞渶瑕佹寚鍑虹殑鏄紝閾濊瘯鍧桟sk - ib鐨勮竟鐣屽涔熶細鍙嶅皠瓒呭０锛屽疄楠屼腑搴旀敞鎰忛壌鍒€?/p>
βs=arctan (( lb1-la1-l ) / h )
3. 閾濆潡鐨勫脊鎬фā閲忓拰娉婃澗绯绘暟鐨勬祴閲?/strong>
1) 浣跨敤閾濊瘯鍧桟sk - ib鐨勫帤搴︽柟鍚戯紙鍏跺帤搴︿负45mm锛夌殑涓€娆″洖娉㈡祴閲忕洿鎺㈠ご鐨勫欢杩熸椂闂翠笌绾垫尝澹版尝鍦ㄨ瘯鍧椾腑浼犳挱閫熷害銆傚叾涓?b1 鏄瘯鍧楃殑涓€娆″簳闈㈠洖娉紝瀵瑰簲澹版尝浠庡彂鍑轰紶鎾埌璇曞潡鐨勪笅琛ㄩ潰骞跺弽灏勫洖鍒版帴鏀剁鐨勪俊鍙凤紱 b2 鏄瘯鍧楃殑浜屾搴曢潰鍥炴尝锛屽搴斿彂鍑轰紶鎾埌璇曞潡鐨勪笅琛ㄩ潰骞跺弽灏勫洖鍒版牱鍝佺殑涓婅〃闈㈠啀娆″弽灏勫埌涓嬭〃闈㈠啀鍙嶅皠鍥炰笂琛ㄩ潰骞跺湪鎺ユ敹鍣ㄦ帴鏀跺埌鐨勪俊鍙枫€傚垎鍒粠绀烘尝鍣ㄤ笂璇诲嚭瓒呭０娉紙绾垫尝锛夊湪璇曞潡鍐呬竴娆″線澶嶄紶鎾殑鏃堕棿 t1 鍜屼袱娆″線澶嶄紶鎾椂闂?t2锛屽垯鐩存帰澶寸殑寤惰繜鏃堕棿涓?t=2t1-t2 銆?/p>
鍦ㄨ瘯鍧楀唴绾垫尝鐨勫０閫熶负 vl=2l' / ( t2-t1 )銆傚紡涓?l' 涓鸿瘯鍧椾笂涓嬭〃闈㈢殑璺濈銆?/p>
2) 浣跨敤閾濊瘯鍧桟sk -ib 鐨勫渾寮ч潰娴嬮噺鏂滄帰澶寸殑寤惰繜鏃堕棿涓庢í娉㈠０娉㈠湪璇曞潡涓殑浼犳挱閫熷害锛屽鍥炬墍绀恒€?/p>
浣挎枩鎺㈠ご瀵瑰噯鍦嗗姬闈紝骞朵娇鎺㈠ご鐨勬枩灏勫０娉㈠彲浠ュ悓鏃跺叆灏勫埌 r1 鍜?r2 寮ч潰涓婂苟鍦ㄧず娉㈠櫒涓婂彲浠ュ垎鍒瀵熷埌鍏跺弽灏勪俊鍙?b1 鍜?b2锛屾祴閲忓畠浠墍瀵瑰簲鐨勬椂闂?t1鍜宼2銆?/p>
鍒欐枩鎺㈠ご鐨勫欢杩熸椂闂翠负 t鏂?/sub>=(r2t1-r1t1)/(r2-r1)銆?/p>
濡傛灉r2=2r1锛屽垯寤惰繜鏃堕棿涓簍鏂?/sub>=2t1-t2銆?/p>
鍦ㄨ瘯鍧楀唴妯尝鐨勫０閫熶负 vs=2(r2-r1)/(t2-t1)銆?/p>
灏嗗疄楠屾暟鎹～鍐欏湪琛ㄤ腑锛屽苟鐢ㄥ叕寮忚绠楅摑鍧楃殑寮规€фā閲忓拰娉婃澗绯绘暟銆?/p>
4. 瓒呭０鎴愬儚
1) 浣跨敤鏃犵己闄疯秴澹版垚鍍忚瘯鍧楋紙灏忥級,娴嬮噺5mφ6 鐩存帰澶翠骇鐢熺殑瓒呭０鍦ㄨ璇曞潡鏉愭枡涓殑浼犳挱閫熷害銆?/p>
2) 鐢?5mφ6 涓撶敤鐩存帰澶村湪鏈夌己闄疯秴澹版垚鍍忚瘯鍧楋紙澶э級涓婃祴閲忓叾缂洪櫡鍒嗗竷锛屾í绾靛垎鍒瘡闅?10mm 娴嬮噺涓€涓疄楠岀偣锛屽垎鍒褰曟帰澶寸殑娴嬮噺浣嶇疆鍧愭爣浠ュ強缂洪櫡娉㈢殑鎺ユ敹鏃堕棿銆傚鏋滄祴閲忚繃绋嬩腑锛屽墠闈㈢殑鍥炴尝鏄庢樉楂樹簬鍣０淇″彿锛屽垯璇存槑鎺㈠ご鎵€鎺㈡祴浣嶇疆鍐呴儴瀛樺湪缂洪櫡銆傝褰曠己闄锋尝鐨勬帴鏀舵椂闂达紝骞跺埄鐢ㄦ祴寰楄秴澹板湪璇ヨ瘯鍧楁潗鏂欎腑鐨勪紶鎾€熷害璁＄畻缂洪櫡娣卞害锛屽皢缂洪櫡娣卞害鏁版嵁濉啓鍦ㄨ〃涓€?/p>
3) 浣跨敤 excel 鐨?”鏇查潰鍥?ldquo; 缁樺浘鍔熻兘鎴栧叾浠栫粯鍥惧伐鍏风粯鍒惰秴澹版尝鎴愬儚涓撶敤璇曞潡鐨勭己闄峰垎甯冨浘銆?/p>
7.6 浣庣湡绌虹殑鑾峰緱銆佹祴閲忎笌鐩存祦婧呭皠娉曞埗澶囬噾灞炶杽鑶?/p>
瀹為獙鐩殑鍜屼华鍣?/p>
瀹為獙鐩殑锛?/strong>
锛?锛夊涔犵湡绌哄熀鏈煡璇嗗拰鐪熺┖鐨勮幏寰椾笌娴嬮噺鎶€鏈熀纭€鐭ヨ瘑锛?/p>
锛?锛夊涔犵敤鐩存祦婧呭皠娉曞埗澶囪杽鑶滅殑鍘熺悊鍜屾柟娉曪紱
锛?锛夊疄闄呮搷浣滀竴濂楃湡绌洪晙鑶滆缃紝浣跨敤鐪熺┖娉靛拰鐪熺┖娴嬮噺瑁呯疆锛岀爺绌惰鐪熺┖绯荤粺鐨勬娊姘旂壒鎬э紱
锛?锛夌敤鐩存祦婧呭皠娉曞埗澶囦竴绯诲垪涓嶅悓鍘氬害鐨勯噾灞炶杽鑶滐紝涓哄疄楠岀爺绌堕噾灞炶杽鑶滃帤搴﹀鍏剁數闃荤巼褰卞搷鍒跺鏍峰搧銆?/p>
瀹為獙浠櫒锛?/strong>
sbc-12灏忓瀷鐩存祦婧呭皠浠紙閰嶆湁閾堕澏锛夈€佹満姊版车銆佹癌姘旂摱銆佽秴澹版尝娓呮礂鍣ㄣ€佺幓鐠冭‖搴曪紙闀?0mm銆佸15mm銆佸帤1mm锛夌瓑銆?/p>
瀹為獙鍘熺悊
1.鐪熺┖鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瘑鍙婄湡绌虹殑鑾峰緱涓庢祴閲?/strong>
(1)鐪熺┖鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瘑鍦ㄧ湡绌烘妧鏈噷锛岀湡绌烘槸鎸囩浉瀵瑰ぇ姘旇€岃█锛屽帇寮哄皬浜庝竴涓爣鍑嗗ぇ姘斿帇鐨勭█钖勬皵浣撶┖闂达紝甯哥敤“鐪熺┖搴?rdquo;杩欎釜涔犳儻鐢ㄨ鍜?ldquo;鍘嬪己”杩欎竴鐗╃悊閲忔潵琛ㄧず鏌愪竴绌洪棿鐨勭湡绌虹▼搴︺€傜湡绌哄害瓒婇珮锛屾皵浣撳帇寮鸿秺浣庛€?br />
閫氬父姘斾綋鐨勭湡绌哄害鐩存帴鐢ㄦ皵浣撶殑鍘嬪己鏉ヨ〃绀猴紝 鐪熺┖搴︾殑鍗曚綅涔熼噰鐢ㄥ帇寮虹殑鍗曚綅锛屽父鐢ㄥ笗鏂崱(pa)鎴栨墭(torr)浣滀负鍗曚綅銆傚畠浠箣闂寸殑鎹㈢畻鍏崇郴涓?nbsp; 1鎵?torr)=1姣背姹炴煴(mmhg)=133甯曟柉鍗?pa)
鎸夋皵浣撳帇寮哄ぇ灏忕殑涓嶅悓锛岄€氬父鎶婄湡绌鸿寖鍥村垝鍒嗕负:浣庣湡绌?x10°~1x102pa锛屼腑鐪熺┖1x10~1x10pa锛岄珮鐪熺┖1x10--1x10-pa锛岃秴楂樼湡绌?x10-5~1x10-pa銆佹瀬楂樼湡绌?x10°pa浠ヤ笅銆?br />
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杈夊厜鏀剧數鍙戠敓鍦ㄨ緝浣庢皵鍘嬫皵浣撲腑锛屽1-100pa鐨勪綆姘斿帇姘斾綋銆備笉鍚岀殑婧呭皠鎶€鏈墍鐢ㄥ浗鏂板厜鏀剧數鏂瑰紡鏈夋墍涓嶅悓銆傜洿娴佹簠灏勬硶鍒╃敤鐨勬槸鐩存祦鐢靛帇浜х敓鐨勮緣鍏夋斁鐢?灏勯婧呭皠娉曞拰鐢ㄧ殑鏄皠棰戠數纾佸満浜х敓鐨勮緣鍏夋斁鐢?纾佹帶婧呭皠娉曟槸鍒╃敤骞宠浜庨澏鏉愯〃闈㈢殑纾佸満鎺у埗涓嬬殑鐢垫秷鐢佃瀺鍦轰骇鐢熺殑杈夊厜鏀剧數;鍙嶅簲婧呭皠娉曞彲浠ュ埄鐢ㄦ儼鎬ф皵浣撳拰娲绘€ф皵浣撶殑娣峰悎姘斾綋鍦ㄧ數鍦虹數铔嬪満涓骇鐢熺殑杈夊厜鏀剧數锛屽父鐢ㄧ殑娲绘€ф皵浣撴湁姘ф皵銆佹爱姘旂瓑銆?br />
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(uc)锛屽嵆涓ゆ瀬闂寸殑鐢靛帇闄嶄富瑕佸彂鐢熷湪闃存瀬闄勮繎銆?鐢辨斁鐢靛舰鎴愮殑姘斾綋姝ｇ瀛愯鏈濈潃闃存瀬
(闈舵潗)鏂瑰悜鍔犻€燂紝骞朵笖鐢变簬涓ゆ瀬闂寸殑鐢靛帇闄嶄富瑕佸嚭鐜板湪闈舵潗(闃存瀬)闄勮繎锛岃繖浜涙绂诲瓙鍜岀敱鍏朵骇鐢熺殑蹇€熶腑鎬х矑瀛愪互瀹冧滑鍦ㄩ槾鏋佺數鍘嬮檷鍖哄煙鑾峰緱鐨勫嚑涔庝竴鏍风殑鑳介噺(閫熷害)鍒拌揪闈舵潗銆傞槾鏋佺數鍘嬮檷鐨勫ぇ灏忓彇鍐充簬姘斾綋鐨勭绫诲拰闃存瀬鏉愭枡銆傚湪杩欎簺鑳介噺绂诲瓙鍜屼腑鎬х矑瀛愮殑杞板嚮涓嬶紝闈舵潗鍘熷瓙琚粠鍏惰〃闈㈡簠灏勫嚭鏉ワ紝琚簠灏勫嚭鏉ョ殑闈舵潗鍘熷瓙鍐峰嚌鍦ㄩ槼鏋?琛簳)涓婏紝浠庤€屽舰鎴愪簡钖勮啘銆傜洿娴佹簠灏勬硶閫傜敤浜庨噾灞為澏鏉愩€?/p>
3.鐩存祦婧呭皠娌夌н瑁呯疆
閲戝睘閾跺叿鏈夎緝寮虹殑鍖栧鎯版€э紝鍦ㄧ┖姘斾腑涓嶆哀鍖栥€傞噰鐢ㄩ摱闈讹紝鍙互鍦ㄨ緝浣庣湡绌哄害涓嬭繘琛岀洿娴佹簠灏勮€岃幏寰楅摱閲戝睘钖勮啘锛屽彧闇€鐢ㄦ満姊扮湡绌烘车鎻愪緵1~2pa鐨勭湡绌哄害鍗冲彲锛岃繖鏍风湡绌虹郴缁熷氨澶уぇ绠€鍖栦簡銆傛湰瀹為獙閲囩敤 sbc-12灏忓瀷鐩存祦婧呭皠浠紝澶栬濡傚浘7.6-8鎵€绀恒€傛暣涓郴缁熺敱鐪熺┖绯荤粺鍜岀洿娴佹簠灏勯晙鑶滅郴缁熺粍鎴愩€傜湡绌虹郴缁熺敱涓€涓洿鑱旀棆鐗囨満姊扮湡绌烘车(2l/ s)鍜屼竴涓甫鐭宠嫳瑙傚療绐楃殑閲戝睘鍦嗙瓛鐪熺┖瀹ょ粍鎴愶紝鐪熺┖瀹ゅ唴閮ㄧ粨鏋勫鍥?br />
7.6-9鎵€绀猴紝閲戝睘鍦嗙瓛涓庡熀搴у拰椤剁洊闂寸敤姗¤兌鍦堝瘑灏併€傜郴缁熺湡绌哄害鐢辩毊鎷夊凹鐪熺┖瑙勫拰鐪熺┖搴︽樉绀轰华琛ㄧ粰鍑恒€傛簠灏勭數鍘嬩负2480v銆傞晙鑶滄椂闂寸敤瀹氭椂鍣ㄦ帶鍒讹紝鑼冨洿涓?0~110s銆?/p>
瀹為獙姝ラ
1.灏忓瀷鐩存祦婧呭皠闀€鑶滀华鐪熺┖绯荤粺鐪熺┖鐗规€ф祴閲?/strong>
浠ュ皬鍨嬬洿娴佹簠灏勯晙鑶滀华浣滀负涓€涓疄闄呯湡绌虹郴缁燂紝閫氳繃瀹為檯鎿嶄綔锛屼簡瑙ｈ幏寰椾綆鐪熺┖鐨勬墜娈碉紝鐔熸倝鎶界湡绌虹殑鍩烘湰鎿嶄綔瑙勭▼锛岃瀵熷拰娴嬮噺绯荤粺鐪熺┖搴﹂殢鎶芥皵鏃堕棿鐨勫彉鍖栬寰嬩互鍙婄郴缁熺殑鏋侀檺鐪熺┖銆?br />
1)瀹夎濂藉皬鍨嬬洿娴佹簠灏勪华鐪熺┖绯荤粺锛岃交杞诲乏鍙宠浆鍔ㄩ噾灞炲渾绛掑拰椤剁洊鍑犳锛屼娇閲戝睘鍦嗙瓛涓庡熀搴у拰椤剁洊涔嬮棿鐨勬鑳跺瘑灏佸湀瀵嗗垏鎺ヨе锛屽叧闂《鐩栦笂鐨勬斁姘旈榾鍜屼华鍣ㄩ潰鏉夸笂鐨勯拡闃€銆?br />
2)鎵撳紑灏忓瀷鐩存祦婧呭皠浠殑“鎬荤數婧愬紑鍏?rdquo;锛屾満姊版车寮€濮嬪闀€鑶滃鎶界湡绌猴紝浠庣湡绌鸿〃1瀹氭€ц瀵熼晙鑶滃鐨勭湡绌哄害(姘斿帇)闅忔娊姘旀椂闂寸殑鍙樺寲瓒嬪娍銆?br />
3)鏍规嵁瀹氭€ц瀵熻秼鍔匡紝鍒跺畾瀹氶噺娴嬮噺闀€鑶滃鐪熺┖搴﹂殢鏃堕棿鍙樺寲鐨勬暟鎹祴閲忕偣锛岃褰曢晙鑶滃鐨勭湡绌哄害闅忔娊姘旀椂闂寸殑鍙樺寲锛屽弬瑙佹暟鎹〃鏍?.6-1锛岀洿鍒伴晙鑶滃鐪熺┖搴﹀熀鏈笉鍙樺寲涓烘銆?/p>
2銆佸埗澶囦笉鍚屽帤搴︾殑閾惰杽鑶?/strong>
1锛夐摱闈惰鍦ㄩ晙鑶滃椤剁洊涓娿€傛妸閾堕澏鍒板伐浣滃彴鐨勮窛绂昏皟鑷?0mm銆傚皢姘╂皵鐡堕榾闂ㄦ墦寮€銆?br />
2锛夊皢鐜荤拑琛簳鏀句汉鐩涙湁鏃犳按涔欓唶鐨勭儳鏉腑锛屽啀灏嗙儳鏉斁浜鸿秴澹版尝娓呮礂鍣ㄤ腑娓呮礂3-5min銆傚彇鍑虹幓鐠冭‖搴曪紝浣跨幓鐠冭‖搴曞€炬枩锛屼互渚挎棤姘翠箼閱囨祦鍔ㄦ椂甯﹁蛋姹＄墿锛屽苟鐢ㄥ惞椋庢満褰诲簳鐑樺共鐜荤拑琛簳锛岀劧鍚庢斁鍦ㄩ晙鑶滃宸ヤ綔鍙颁腑蹇冧綅缃€傜洊涓婇晙鑶滃椤剁洊锛岃交杞诲乏鍙宠浆鍔ㄩ噾灞炲渾绛掑拰椤剁洊鍑犳锛屼娇閲戝睘鍦嗙瓛涓庡熀搴у拰椤剁洊涔嬮棿鐨勬鑳跺瘑灏佸湀瀵嗗垏鎺ヨе銆傛敞鎰?褰诲簳鐑樺共鐜荤拑琛簳闈炲父閲嶈锛屽惁鍒欓晙鍑虹殑閾惰啘浼氭哀鍖?
3)鎵撳紑“鐢垫簮”寮€鍏筹紝鏈烘娉靛紑濮嬪闀€鑶滃鎶界湡绌猴紝浠庣湡绌鸿〃涓婅娴嬮晙鑶滃鐨勭湡绌哄害銆傚綋鐪熺┖搴︿笂鍗囪嚦20pa鏃讹紝婧呭皠鍗曞厓鐨?ldquo;鍑嗗”鐏寒锛屽綋鐪熺┖搴﹀埌杈炬瀬闄愮湡绌?涓嶅悓闀€鑶滆缃暐鏈夊樊寮傦紝渚嬪2~4pa)鏃讹紝鎵撳紑姘╂皵鍏呮皵闃€“閽堥榾”(閫嗘椂閽堣浆鍔?ldquo;閽堥榾”涓哄紑锛屾癌姘旀祦閲忓姞澶?椤烘椂閽堣浆鍔?ldquo;閽堥榾”涓哄叧锛屾癌姘旀祦閲忓噺灏戙€傛敞鎰?璋冭妭“閽堥榾”鏃讹紝姘╂皵娴侀噺鍙樺寲浼氭湁鎵€婊炲悗锛屾晠璋冭妭“閽堥榾”瑕佺紦鎱€?鍚戦晙鑶滃涓厖鍏ユ癌姘旓紝浣块晙鑶滃鐨勬皵鍘嬭緝鍏呮皵鍓嶅鍔?~2pa銆?/p>
4)璁惧畾濂?ldquo;瀹氭椂鍣?rdquo;鐨勬椂闂达紝鍗宠杽鑶滃埗澶囨椂闂?婧呭皠鏃堕棿鎴栨矇绉椂闂?銆備负闃叉杩囩儹锛屽崟娆¤繛缁簠灏勭殑鏃堕棿涓嶈瓒呰繃60s锛屽埗澶囪緝鍘氱殑钖勮啘鏃讹紝鍙噰鍙栧娆℃簠灏勭殑鍔炴硶5)鎸変笅“璇曢獙”鎸夐挳锛岃瀵熸簠灏勭數娴佸ぇ灏忥紝閫氳繃璋冭妭“閽堥榾”浣?ldquo;婧呭皠鐢垫祦琛?rdquo;涓樉绀虹殑鐢垫祦涓?ma锛岀珛鍗虫澗寮€“璇曢獙”鎸夐挳;鐒跺悗锛屾寜涓?ldquo;鍚姩”鎸夐挳锛岄摱闈惰鍔犱笂2480v鐨勬簠灏勭數鍘嬶紝閾惰杽鑶滄矇绉紑濮嬨€傝繖鏃讹紝鍙互鐪嬭闀€鑶滃鍐呭彂鍑鸿摑鑹茬殑杈夊厜銆?ldquo;婧呭皠鐢垫祦琛?rdquo;鏄剧ず鐨勭數娴佸簲绋冲畾鍦?ma锛屽彲寰皟“閽堥榾”鎺у埗姘欐皵娴侀噺锛屼繚鎸佹簠灏勭數娴佺ǔ瀹氥€傚井璋冩椂瑕佺壒鍒敞鎰?ldquo;婧呭皠鐢垫祦琛?rdquo;涓樉绀虹殑鐢垫祦杩樿兘瓒呰繃8ma锛屼互鍏嶇儳鍧忚澶?br />
6)褰?ldquo;瀹氭椂鍣?rdquo;鎵€璁惧畾鐨勬矇绉椂闂磋揪鍒颁箣鍚庯紝婧呭皠鐢靛帇闄嶄负闆讹紝婧呭皠鑷姩鍋滄銆?ldquo;婧呭皠鐢垫祦琛?rdquo;鏄剧ず鐨勭數娴佷负闆讹紝瀹屾垚浜嗚杽鑶滃埗澶囪繃绋嬩腑鐨勪竴娆℃簠灏勬矇绉€傚鏋滈渶瑕佸娆℃簠灏勬矇绉紝缁х画閲嶅5)涓墍杩板唴瀹癸紝鐩村埌杈惧埌鎵€闇€瑕佺殑娌夌н鏃堕棿锛屾渶缁堝畬鎴愯杽鑶滅殑鍒跺銆?br />
7)鐢变簬宸ヤ綔鍙版俯搴﹁緝楂?绾?0鈩冨乏鍙?锛岄渶绛夊緟鍑犲垎閽?寰呭伐浣滃彴娓╁害闄嶄綆鍐嶆墦寮€鐪熺┖瀹わ紝鍙伩鍏嶉摱钖勮啘姘у寲)锛岀劧鍚庡叧闂癌姘旀帶鍒堕榾“閽堥榾”锛屽叧涓?ldquo;鐢垫簮”寮€鍏筹紝寮€鍚晙鑶滃椤剁洊涓婄殑“鏀炬皵闃€”锛岀粰闀€鑶滃鏀惧叆绌烘皵(杩欐椂鍙戝嚭“鍡炲棡”鐨勫０鍝?銆傞晙鑶滃鍥炲埌澶ф皵鍘嬩笅鍚?“鍡炲棡”鐨勫０鍝嶆秷澶?锛屾墦寮€闀€鑶滃涓婄洊锛屽彇鍑鸿杽鑶滄牱鍝併€?br />
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5.17 澶槼鑳界數姹?/p>
瀹為獙鐩殑鍜屼华鍣?/p>
銆愬疄楠岀洰鐨勩€?/strong>
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鍏朵腑锛孭in涓哄叆灏勫埌澶槼鑳界數姹犺〃闈㈢殑鍏夊姛鐜囥€傚お闃宠兘鐢垫睜鐨勮浆鎹㈡晥闄や簡涓庡叾鍒堕€犲伐鑹烘湁鍏冲锛岃繕涓庣収灏勫湪鐢垫睜 涓婄殑鍏夎氨鐨勬€ц川锛屽叆灏勫厜鐨勮兘閲忓瘑搴﹀拰澶槼鑳界數姹犵殑宸ヤ綔娓╁害鏈夊叧銆傚浜庡お闃宠兘鐢垫睜鏉ヨ锛岀煭璺數娴併€佸紑璺數 鍘嬨€佸～鍏呭洜瀛愪互鍙婅浆鎹㈡晥鐜囨槸琛￠噺鍏舵€ц兘鐨勪富瑕佸弬鏁般€?/p>
瀹為獙姝ラ
1. 澶槼鑳界數姹犵殑鏆椾紡瀹夌壒鎬ф祴閲?/strong>
澶槼鑳界數姹犵殑鍩烘湰缁撴瀯鏄竴涓ぇ闈㈢н骞抽潰 p-n 缁擄紝鍗曚釜澶槼鑳界數姹犲崟鍏冪殑 p-n 缁撻潰绉凡杩滃ぇ浜庢櫘閫氱殑浜屾瀬 绠°€傚湪瀹為檯搴旂敤涓紝涓哄緱鍒版墍闇€鐨勮緭鍑虹數娴侊紝閫氬父灏嗚嫢骞茬數姹犲崟鍏冨苟鑱斻€備负寰楀埌鎵€闇€杈撳嚭鐢靛帇锛岄€氬父灏嗚嫢骞插凡 骞惰仈鐨勭數姹犵粍涓茶繛銆傚洜姝わ紝瀹冪殑浼忓畨鐗规€ц櫧绫讳技浜庢櫘閫氫簩鏋佺锛屼絾鍙栧喅浜庡お闃宠兘鐢垫睜鐨勬潗鏂欙紝缁撴瀯鍙婄粍鎴愮粍浠?鏃剁殑涓插苟杩炲叧绯汇€傚お闃宠兘鐢垫睜鐨勬殫浼忓畨鐗规€ф槸鎸囨棤鍏夌収灏勬椂锛屾祦缁忓お闃宠兘鐢垫睜鐨勭數娴佷笌澶栧姞鐢靛帇涔嬮棿鐨勫叧绯汇€?鏈疄楠屾彁渚涚殑澶槼鑳界粍浠舵槸灏嗚嫢骞插崟鍏冨苟鑱旓紝娴嬭瘯鏃剁敤閬厜缃╃僵浣忓お闃宠兘鐢垫睜銆傛祴璇曞師鐞嗗浘濡傚浘 5.17-6 鎵€ 绀恒€傚皢寰呮祴鐨勫お闃宠兘鐢垫睜鎺ュ埌娴嬭瘯浠笂鐨?ldquo;鐢靛帇杈撳嚭”鎺ュ彛锛岀數闃荤璋冭嚦 50ω鍚庝覆杩炶繘鐢佃矾璧蜂繚鎶や綔鐢紝鐢ㄧ數 鍘嬭〃娴嬮噺澶槼鑳界數姹犱袱绔數鍘嬶紝鐢垫祦琛ㄦ祴閲忓洖璺腑鐨勭數娴併€?nbsp;
灏嗙數鍘嬫簮璋冨埌 0v锛岀劧鍚庨€愭笎澧炲ぇ杈撳嚭鐢靛帇锛屾瘡闂撮殧 0.3v 璁颁竴娆＄數娴佸€硷紝骞跺皢鏁版嵁璁板綍鍒拌〃 5.17-1 涓€傚皢 鐢靛帇杈撳叆璋冨埌 0v锛屽苟灏?ldquo;鐢靛帇杈撳嚭”鎺ュ彛鐨勪袱鏍硅繛绾夸簰鎹紝鍗崇粰澶槼鑳界數姹犲姞涓婂弽鍚戠殑鐢靛帇銆傞€愭笎澧炲ぇ鍙嶅悜鐢?鍘嬶紝姣忛棿闅?1v 璁板綍涓€娆＄數娴佸€硷紝骞跺皢鏁版嵁璁板綍鍒拌〃 5.17-1 涓€傜粯鍒朵笁绉嶅お闃宠兘鐢垫睜鐨勪紡瀹夌壒鎬ф洸绾裤€?/p>
2. 寮€璺數鍘嬨€佺煭璺數娴佷笌鍏夊己鍏崇郴娴嬮噺
鎵撳紑鍏夋簮寮€鍏筹紝骞堕鐑?5 鍒嗛挓銆傚彇鎺夊お闃宠兘鐢垫睜鐨勯伄鍏夌僵锛屽皢鍏夊己鎺㈠ご瑁呭湪澶槼鑳界數姹犳澘浣嶇疆锛屾帰澶磋緭鍑?绾胯繛鎺ュ埌澶槼鑳界數姹犵壒鎬ф祴璇曚华鐨?ldquo;鍏夊己杈撳叆”鎺ュ彛涓娿€傛祴璇曚华璁剧疆涓?ldquo;鍏夊己娴嬮噺”銆?鐢辫繎鍙婅繙绉诲姩婊戝姩鏀灦锛?娴嬮噺璺濆厜婧愪竴瀹氳窛绂荤殑鍏夊己 ilight锛屽皢娴嬮噺鍒扮殑鍏夊己璁板叆琛?5.17-2 涓€?/p>
灏嗗厜寮烘帰澶存崲鎴愬崟鏅剁澶槼鑳界數姹狅紝娴嬭瘯浠缃负“鐢靛帇琛?rdquo;鐘舵€併€傛寜鍥?5.17-7a 鎺ョ嚎锛屾寜娴嬮噺鍏夊己鏃剁殑璺?绂诲€硷紙鍏夊己宸茬煡锛夛紝璁板綍寮€璺數鍘嬪€间簬琛?5.17-2 涓€傛寜鍥?5.17-7b 鎺ョ嚎锛岃褰曠煭璺數娴佸€间簬琛?5.17-2 涓€傞噸澶嶈 瀹為獙姝ラ锛屽垎鍒皢鍗曟櫠纭呫€佸鏅剁浠ュ強闈炴櫠纭呯殑寮€璺數鍘嬩笌鐭矾鐢垫祦鍊艰褰曞湪鏁版嵁琛ㄦ牸 5.17-2 涓€傜粯鍒朵笁绉嶅お 闃宠兘鐢垫睜鐨勫紑璺數鍘嬪拰鐭矾鐢垫祦闅忓叆灏勫厜寮虹殑鍙樺寲鏇茬嚎銆?nbsp;
3. 澶槼鑳界數姹犵殑杈撳嚭鐗规€ф祴閲?nbsp;
鎸夊浘 5.17-8 鎺ョ嚎锛屼互鐢甸樆绠变綔涓哄お闃宠兘鐢垫睜璐熻浇銆傚湪涓€瀹氬厜鐓у己搴︿笅锛堝皢婊戝姩鏀灦鍥哄畾鍦ㄥ杞ㄤ笂鏌愪竴涓綅 缃級锛屽垎鍒皢涓夌澶槼鑳界數姹犳澘瀹夎鍒版敮鏋朵笂锛岄€氳繃鏀瑰彉鐢甸樆绠辩殑鐢甸樆鍊硷紝璁板綍澶槼鑳界數姹犵殑杈撳嚭鐢靛帇 u銆佺數娴?nbsp;i 浠ュ強褰撳墠鐨勮礋杞藉€硷紝灏嗘祴閲忔暟鎹～浜庤〃 5.17-3 涓紙闇€娴嬮噺 10 缁勪互涓婄殑瀹為獙鐐癸級锛屽苟璁＄畻澶槼鑳界數姹犵殑杈撳嚭鍔?鐜?po=u×i銆?nbsp;
鏍规嵁琛?5.17-3 鏁版嵁浣?3 绉嶅お闃宠兘鐢垫睜鐨勮緭鍑轰紡瀹夌壒鎬ф洸绾垮強鍔熺巼鏇茬嚎锛屾壘鍑烘渶澶у姛鐜囩偣锛屽搴旂殑鐢甸樆鍊煎嵆 涓烘渶浣冲尮閰嶈礋杞姐€?/p>
鍒嗗埆鐢卞紡 5.17-4 鍜屽紡 5.17-5 璁＄畻涓夌澶槼鑳界數姹犵殑濉厖鍥犲瓙鍜岃浆鎹㈡晥鐜囥€傚叾涓紝鍏ュ皠鍒板お闃宠兘鐢垫睜鏉夸笂鐨?鍏夊姛鐜?pin=ilight×s1锛孖light 涓哄叆灏勫埌澶槼鑳界數姹犳澘琛ㄩ潰鐨勫厜寮猴紝s1涓哄お闃宠兘鐢垫睜鏉块潰绉紙绾︿负 50mm×50mm锛夈€?nbsp;
琛ュ厖瀹為獙1鈥斺€旈噾灞炰笣绾胯儉绯绘暟鐨勬祴瀹?/p>
瀹為獙鐩殑鍜屼华鍣?/p>
銆愬疄楠岀洰鐨勩€?/strong>
娴嬮噺閲戝睘绠＄殑闀垮害闅忔俯搴︾殑鍙樺寲鏇茬嚎锛屽苟寰楀埌璇ラ噾灞炵殑绾胯啫鑳€绯绘暟銆?nbsp;
銆愬疄楠屼华鍣ㄣ€?/strong>
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瀹為獙鍘熺悊
閲戝睘鑶ㄨ儉鐜拌薄锛氬綋閲戝睘鐨勬俯搴﹀崌楂樻椂锛岀敱浜庡唴閮ㄥ垎瀛愮儹杩愬姩鍔犲墽锛屽叾鍒嗗瓙闂磋窛绂诲姞澶э紝瀵艰嚧浣垮畯瑙傜嚎搴﹀鍔犮€?/p>
璁炬煇閲戝睘绠″湪 0鈩冩椂锛岄暱搴?l0 ; 褰撴俯搴﹀崌鑷?t1 鏃讹紝鍏堕暱搴︿负 l1锛屽垯 饾惪1 = 饾惪0 (1 饾浖饾憽1)
寮忎腑锛?span style="font-family: "times new roman", symbola, serif; font-size: 18.4px; font-style: italic; white-space: nowrap;">α 涓洪噾灞炵鐨勭嚎鑶ㄨ儉绯绘暟銆傚湪娓╁害鍙樺寲涓嶅お澶х殑鎯呭喌涓嬶紝α 瑙嗕负甯告暟锛屽ぇ灏忓彧涓庨噾灞炵殑鎬ц川鏈夊叧銆?/p>
褰撴俯搴﹀崌鑷?nbsp; t2 鏃讹紝閲戝睘绠＄殑闀垮害涓?饾惪2 = 饾惪0 (1 饾浖饾憽2) 鏁呭彲寰?nbsp;饾浖 =( 饾惪2 − 饾惪1) / ( 饾惪0 ( 饾憽2 − 饾憽1))
鍥犵嚎鑶ㄨ儉绯绘暟 饾浖 寰堝皬锛堝叾鏁伴噺绾т负 10-5 / 鈩冿級锛屾晠褰?t1涓哄娓╂椂锛屽彲寰楀嚭 l1 ≈ l0
鏈?nbsp;饾浖 = ( 饾惪2 − 饾惪1) / ( 饾惪1 ( 饾憽2 − 饾憽1))= 鈭嗮潗?/ (饾惪1 ( 饾憽2 − 饾憽1))
閲戝睘绠＄殑寰皬浼搁暱 鈭嗮潗?鏄敱鍏夋潬鏉嗘潵娴嬮噺鐨勩€傜敱鍏夋潬鏉嗗師鐞嗗彲鐭ワ細鈭嗮潗?= 饾憦 (饾憼2 − 饾憼1) / ( 2 饾惙 )
寮忎腑 b 涓哄厜鏉犻暅鍚庤剼灏栧埌涓ゅ墠鑴氬皷鐨勫瀭鐩磋窛绂伙紝d 涓哄厜鏉犻暅闈㈠埌鏍囧昂鐨勫瀭鐩磋窛绂伙紝饾憼1銆侌潙?sub>2 鍒嗗埆涓哄綋閲戝睘绠＄殑娓╁害涓?饾憽1 鍙?饾憽2 鏃舵湜杩滈暅鐨勮鏁般€?/p>
鏁呮渶缁堝彲寰楋細 饾浖 = 饾憦 (饾憼2 − 饾憼1) / ( 2 饾惙 ( 饾惪1 ( 饾憽2 − 饾憽1 ))锛?nbsp;
瀹為獙瑁呯疆濡傚浘鎵€绀猴細
瀹為獙姝ラ
1. 鐢ㄩ挗鍗峰昂娴嬮噺閲戝睘绠￠暱搴︺€?/strong>
2. 鐢ㄦ父鏍囧崱灏烘祴閲忓厜鏉犳潌鑷傞暱銆?nbsp;
3. 灏嗛噾灞炵鏀剧疆鍒板姞鐑缃腑銆?nbsp;
4. 灏嗘俯搴﹁鏀剧疆鍦ㄩ噾灞炵涓娿€?nbsp;
5. 灏嗗厜鏉犳潌鏀惧埌浠櫒鐨勫钩鍙颁笂锛岃皟鏁村厜鏉犳潌鐨勯暅闈㈤搮鐩淬€?nbsp;
6. 鐢ㄩ挗鍗峰昂娴嬮噺鍏夋潬鏉嗛暅闈㈠埌鏍囧昂鐨勮窛绂汇€?nbsp;
7. 璋冭妭灏鸿鏈涜繙闀?nbsp;
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(3) 璋冭妭璋冪劍鏃嬮挳锛屼娇瑙嗛噹涓殑鍍忚嚦鏈€娓呮櫚鐘舵€侊紱
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8. 鎵撳紑鍔犵儹瑁呯疆锛岃皟鏁村姛鐜囨棆閽紝鍔犵儹閲戝睘绠★紝娴嬮噺浠庡娓╁埌 100鈩冧箣闂村緟娴嬮噾灞炵殑绾胯啫鑳€绯绘暟銆傝瀹氬涓俯搴︾偣锛屽皢绗?1 娆℃俯搴﹁揪鍒板钩琛℃椂鐨勬俯搴﹀強鏍囧昂璇绘暟鍒嗗埆浣滀负 t1锛宻1銆傛彁楂樻俯搴︼紝鍦ㄦ柊鍊艰揪鍒板钩琛″悗锛岃褰曞綋鍓嶆俯搴?t 鍙婃爣灏鸿鏁颁簬琛ㄤ腑銆?/strong>
9. 鍏抽棴鍔犵儹瑁呯疆锛屼娇閲戝睘绠￠檷娓┿€?/strong>
10. 鎻愪氦鏁版嵁锛屾暣鐞嗕华鍣紝缁撴潫瀹為獙娴嬮噺銆?/strong>
琛ュ厖瀹為獙2鈥斺€斿亸鎸厜鐨勮瀵熶笌鐮旂┒
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銆愬疄楠岀洰鐨勩€?/strong>
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瀹為獙鍘熺悊
1. 鍏夌殑鍋忔尟鐘舵€?nbsp;
鍏夋湁浜旂鍋忔尟鐘舵€侊紝鍗崇嚎鍋忔尟鍏夈€佹き鍦嗗亸鎸厜銆佸渾鍋忔尟鍏夈€佽嚜鐒跺厜鍜岄儴鍒嗗亸鎸厜銆?/p>
骞抽潰鍋忔尟鍏夋垨绾垮亸鎸厜锛氬湪浼犳挱杩囩▼涓紝鐢电煝閲忕殑鎸姩鏂瑰悜濮嬬粓鍦ㄦ煇涓€纭畾鏂瑰悜銆?/p>
鑷劧鍏夛細鍏夋簮鍙戝皠鐨勫厜瀵瑰涓嶆樉鐜板亸鎸殑鎬ц川銆?/p>
閮ㄥ垎鍋忔尟鍏夛細鍦ㄥ彂鍏夎繃绋嬩腑锛屽厜鐨勬尟鍔ㄩ潰鍦ㄦ煇涓壒瀹氭柟鍚戜笂鍑虹幇鐨勫嚑鐜囧ぇ浜庡叾浠栨柟鍚戯紝鍗冲湪杈冮暱鏃堕棿鍐呯數鐭㈤噺鍦ㄦ煇涓€鏂瑰悜涓婅緝寮恒€?nbsp;
妞渾鍋忔尟鍏夋垨鍦嗗亸鎸厜锛氭尟鍔ㄩ潰鐨勫彇鍚戝拰鐢电煝閲忕殑澶у皬闅忔椂闂翠綔鏈夎寰嬬殑鍙樺寲锛岀數鐭㈤噺鏈鍦ㄥ瀭鐩翠簬浼犳挱鏂瑰悜鐨勫钩闈笂鐨勮建杩规槸妞渾鎴栧渾銆?/p>
鍏朵腑绾垮亸鎸厜鍜屽渾鍋忔尟鍏夊彲鐪嬩綔妞渾鍋忔尟鍏夌殑鐗逛緥锛岃€屾き鍦嗗亸鎸厜鍙湅浣滄槸涓や釜娌垮悓涓€鏂瑰悜 z 浼犳挱鐨勬尟鍔ㄦ柟鍚戠浉浜掑瀭鐩寸殑绾垮亸鎸厜鐨勫悎鎴愩€?/p>
鍋忔尟鍏夌殑鎸箙 a 鍙互鍒嗚в涓?x 鏂瑰悜涓婄殑鍒嗛噺 ex 鍜?y 鏂瑰悜鐨勫垎閲?ey锛屽垯 ex 鍜?ey鍒嗗埆鍙敱浠ヤ笅涓ゅ紡琛ㄧず锛?/p>
ex =ax cos( ωt - kz)
ey =ay cos( ωt - kz ε )
寮忎腑 a 涓烘尟骞咃紝ω 涓轰袱鍏夋尝鐨勫渾棰戠巼锛宼 琛ㄧず鏃堕棿锛宬 涓烘尝鐭㈤噺鐨勬暟鍊硷紝ε 涓轰袱娉㈢殑鐩稿浣嶇浉宸€?/p>
2. 娉㈡櫠鐗囷紙鏃嬪厜鏅朵綋锛?/strong>
鍒╃敤鍗曡酱鏅朵綋鐨勫弻鎶樺皠锛屾墍浜х敓鐨勫甯稿厜锛坥 鍏夛級鍜岄潪甯稿厜锛坋 鍏夛級閮芥槸绾垮亸鎸厜銆傚綋涓€鏉熷崟鑹插钩琛岃嚜鐒跺厜姝ｅ叆灏勫埌娉㈡櫠鐗囦笂锛屽厜鍦ㄦ櫠浣撳唴閮ㄤ究鍒嗚в涓?o 鍏変笌 e 鍏夈€俹 鍏夊湪鏅朵綋鍐呯殑娉㈤€熶负 vo 锛?e 鍏変负 ve锛屽嵆鐩稿簲鐨勬姌灏勭巼 no銆乶e涓嶅悓銆?/p>
璁炬櫠鐗囩殑鍘氬害涓?l锛?鍒欎袱鏉熷厜閫氳繃鏅剁墖鍚庢湁浣嶇浉宸細
δ=2π λ 鈥?/span>( no-ne )l
鍏朵腑 λ 涓哄厜娉㈠湪鐪熺┖涓殑娉㈤暱銆?span style="font-family: "times new roman", symbola, serif; font-size: 18.4px; font-style: italic; white-space: nowrap;">δ锛?2kp 鐨勬櫠鐗囷紝绉颁负鍏ㄦ尝鐗囷紱δ锛?kp ± π 鏃讹紝涓哄崐娉㈢墖锛?span style="font-family: "times new roman", symbola, serif; font-size: 18.4px; font-style: italic; white-space: nowrap;">δ = 2kπ ± π /2 涓哄洓鍒嗕箣涓€娉㈢墖銆?/p>
3. 鍋忔尟鍏夌殑妫€娴?nbsp;
鎸夌収椹悤鏂畾寰嬶紝寮哄害涓?i0 鐨勭嚎鍋忔尟鍏夐€氳繃妫€鍋忓櫒鍚庯紝閫忓皠鍏夌殑寮哄害涓?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="\cos2\theta">
i = i0cos2θ
寮忎腑锛?span style="font-family: symbola, "times new roman", serif; font-size: 18.4px; white-space: nowrap;">θ 涓哄叆灏勫厜鍋忔尟鏂瑰悜涓庢鍋忓櫒鐨勫亸鎸酱涔嬮棿鐨勫す瑙掋€?/p>
褰撲互鍏夌嚎浼犳挱鏂瑰悜涓鸿酱杞姩妫€鍋忓櫒鏃讹紝閫忓皠鍏夊己搴?i 灏嗗彂鐢熷懆鏈熸€у彉鍖栥€傚綋 θ锛?0 鏃讹紝閫忓皠鍏夊己搴︿负鏋佸ぇ鍊硷紱褰?θ锛?90o 鏃讹紝閫忓皠鍏夊己搴︿负鏋佸皬鍊硷紝鍗虫秷鍏夌姸鎬侊紝鎺ヨ繎浜庡叏鏆楋紱褰?0< θ < 90o 鏃讹紝閫忓皠鍏夊己搴?i 浠嬩簬鏈€澶у€煎拰鏈€灏忓€间箣闂淬€傛晠鏍规嵁閫忓皠鍏夊己搴﹀彉鍖栫殑鎯呭喌锛屽彲浠ュ尯鍒嚎鍋忔尟鍏夈€佽嚜鐒跺厜鍜岄儴鍒嗗亸鎸厜銆?/p>
鑷劧鍏夐€氳繃璧峰亸鍣ㄥ拰妫€鍋忓櫒鐨勫彉鍖栧鍥炬墍绀猴細
瀹為獙姝ラ
鐮旂┒鍥涘垎涔嬩竴娉㈢墖瀵瑰亸鎸厜鐨勫奖鍝?nbsp;
锛?锛変娇鍋忔尟鐗?a 鍜?b 鐨勫亸鎸酱姝ｄ氦锛堟秷鍏夛級銆傜劧鍚庢彃鍏?nbsp;λ / 4 娉㈢墖 c锛堝疄闄呭疄楠屼腑瑕佷娇鍏夌嚎灏介噺绌胯繃鍏冧欢鐨勪腑蹇冿級銆?nbsp;
锛?锛変互鍏夌嚎涓鸿酱鍏堣浆鍔?c 浣挎秷鍏夛紝浣挎浜ゅ亸鎸墖澶勪簬娑堝厜鐘舵€佹椂 1/4 娉㈢墖鐨勫厜杞翠綅缃綔涓?0° 浣嶇疆锛堟敞鎰忥細姝?0°浣嶇疆骞堕潪鎸?1/4 鐜荤墖涓婄殑 0 鍒诲害锛夛紝鐒跺悗浣?b 杞繃 360°锛屽湪琛ㄦ牸 2 涓褰曚笅杞繃鐨勮搴︿笌瀵瑰簲鐨勫厜寮哄€笺€?/p>
锛?锛夊啀灏?c 浠庢秷鍏変綅缃浆杩?30°銆?5°锛岄噸澶嶆楠?锛?锛夛紝 鍒嗗埆鍦ㄨ〃鏍?2 涓褰曚笅杞繃鐨勮搴︿笌瀵瑰簲鐨勫厜寮哄€硷紝骞剁粯鍒舵洸绾裤€?/p>
琛ュ厖瀹為獙3鈥斺€旀媺鏇煎厜璋卞疄楠?/p>
瀹為獙鐩殑鍜屼华鍣?/p>
銆愬疄楠岀洰鐨勩€?/strong>
锛?锛変簡瑙ｆ媺鏇肩幇璞＄殑浜х敓鍘熺悊锛?nbsp;
锛?锛夊浼氱敤鎷夋浖鍏夎氨瀛︾殑鍩烘湰娴嬭瘯鎶€鏈€?nbsp;
銆愬疄楠屼华鍣ㄣ€?/strong>
鎷夋浖鍏夎氨浠紝婵€鍏夛紝ccl4 鏍峰搧銆丆6h6 鏍峰搧绛?/p>
瀹為獙鍘熺悊
1. 鎷夋浖鐜拌薄
褰撳厜鐓у皠鍒扮墿璐ㄤ笂鏃朵細鍙戠敓闈炲脊鎬ф暎灏勶紝鏁ｅ皠鍏変腑闄ゆ湁涓庢縺鍙戝厜娉㈤暱鐩稿悓鐨勫脊鎬ф垚鍒嗭紙鐟炲埄鏁ｅ皠锛夊锛岃繕鏈夋瘮婵€鍙戝厜娉㈤暱闀跨殑鍜岀煭鐨勬垚鍒嗭紝鍚庝竴鐜拌薄缁熺о涓烘媺鏇兼晥搴斻€傜敱鍒嗗瓙鎸姩銆佸浐浣撲腑鐨勫厜瀛﹀０瀛愮瓑鍏冩縺鍙戜笌婵€鍙戝厜鐩镐簰浣滅敤浜х敓鐨勯潪寮规€ф暎灏勭о涓烘媺鏇兼暎灏勶紝涓€鑸妸鐟炲埄鏁ｅ皠鍜屾媺鏇兼暎灏勫悎璧锋潵鎵€褰㈡垚鐨勫厜璋辩о涓烘媺鏇煎厜璋便€?/p>
璁炬暎灏勭墿鍒嗗瓙鍘熸潵澶勪簬鍩虹數瀛愭€侊紝鎸姩鑳界骇濡傚浘鎵€绀恒€?/p>
鏁ｅ皠鍏変腑鏃㈡湁涓庡叆灏勫厜棰戠巼鐩稿悓鐨勮氨绾匡紝涔熸湁涓庡叆灏勫厜棰戠巼涓嶅悓鐨勮氨绾匡紝鍓嶈€呯о涓虹憺鍒╃嚎锛屽悗鑰呯о涓烘媺鏇肩嚎銆傚湪鎷夋浖绾夸腑锛屽張鎶婇鐜囧皬浜庡叆灏勫厜棰戠巼鐨勮氨绾跨о涓烘柉鎵樺厠鏂嚎锛岃€屾妸棰戠巼澶т簬鍏ュ皠鍏夐鐜囩殑璋辩嚎绉颁负鍙嶆柉鎵樺厠鏂嚎銆?nbsp;
鎷夋浖鍏夎氨鐨勭ず鎰忓浘濡傚浘鎵€绀恒€?/p>
涓€鑸皢鐟炲埄绾夸笌鎷夋浖绾跨殑娉㈡暟宸о涓烘媺鏇奸绉伙紝鍗虫暎灏勫厜锛堝嵆娴嬮噺鍒扮殑璋辩嚎锛夌浉瀵逛簬鍘熸縺鍙戝厜鍏夋簮棰戠巼鐨勫樊鍊笺€?/p>
δv = ω鍏?/span>灏勫厜 - ω鏁?/sub>灏勫厜 = 107λ鍏ュ皠鍏?/sub>锛坣m锛?/span>鈥?/span> -107λ鏁ｅ皠鍏?/sub>锛坣m锛?/span>鈥?/span>
鍏朵腑鎷夋浖棰戠щ鐨勫崟浣嶇敤娉㈡暟锛坈m-1 锛夋潵琛ㄧず銆?/p>
闇€瑕佹寚鍑虹殑鏄紝鏍峰搧鐨勬媺鏇奸绉讳笉闅忔縺鍏夊厜婧愰鐜囩殑鍙樺寲鑰屽彂鐢熷彉鍖栵紝鏃犺閲囩敤浠€涔堟尝闀跨殑婵€鍏夌収灏勬牱鍝侊紝鍏朵骇鐢熺殑鎷夋浖棰戠щ鐨勫灏戞槸鍥哄畾鐨勩€?鍙互璇存媺鏇奸绉绘槸鍒嗗瓙鎸姩鑳界骇鐨勭洿鎺ラ噺搴︺€?nbsp;
2. 鎷夋浖鏁堝簲鐨勭粡鍏哥數纾佽в閲?/strong>
瀵逛簬鎷夋浖鏁堝簲鏉ヨ锛屽綋涓€鏉熸縺鍙戝厜锛?鐜板湪閫氬父浣跨敤婵€鍏?锛夌収灏勫湪鐗╀綋涓婃椂锛屽厜瀛愪笌鐗╀綋鍒嗗瓙纰版挒鏈夊彲鑳藉彂鐢熻兘閲忎氦鎹紝鍏夊瓙灏嗕竴閮ㄥ垎鑳介噺浼犻€掔粰鍒嗗瓙鎴栦粠鍒嗗瓙鑾峰緱涓€閮ㄥ垎鑳介噺锛屼粠 鑰屾敼鍙樺厜娉㈢殑棰戠巼锛?鍏夎氨鍙戠敓浣嶇щ 锛夈€傜敱浜庢暎灏勫厜鐨勯鐜囨槸鍏ュ皠鍏夐鐜?f0 涓庡垎瀛愭尟鍔ㄥ浐鏈夐鐜囩殑鑱斿悎锛屾晠鎷夋浖鏁ｅ皠鍙堢о鑱斿悎鏁ｅ皠銆?/p>
璁惧叆灏勫厜鐢靛満涓?e = e0 cos( 2πf0t )锛屽垎瀛愬洜鐢靛満浣滅敤浜х敓鐨勫伓鏋佺煩涓?/p>
p = ε0 χ e
鍏朵腑锛?chi; 涓哄垎瀛愭瀬鍖栫巼銆傝嫢 χ 涓轰笉闅忔椂闂村彉鍖栫殑甯告暟锛屽垯 p 浠ュ叆灏勫厜 f0 浣滃懆鏈熸€у彉鍖栵紝鐢辨寰楀埌鐨勬暎灏勫厜棰戠巼涔熶负 f0锛岃繖灏辨槸鐟炲埄鏁ｅ皠銆傝嫢鍒嗗瓙浠ュ浐鏈夐鐜?f 鎸姩锛屾鏃跺垎瀛愭瀬鍖栫巼涓嶅啀涓哄父鏁帮紝涔熼殢 f 鍋氬懆鏈熷彉鍖栵紝鍙〃绀轰负 χ=χ0 χ(f) cos( 2πft )銆傚紡涓?χ0 涓哄垎瀛愰潤姝㈡椂鐨勬瀬鍖栫巼锛?chi;(f) 涓虹浉搴斾簬鍒嗗瓙鎸姩鎵€寮曡捣鐨勫彉鍖栨瀬鍖栫巼鐨勬尟骞呫€傚彲寰楋細
p = ε0χ0e0 cos( 2πf0t ) ε0χ(f)e0 cos( 2πf0t ) cos( 2πft )
= ε0χ0e0 cos( 2πf0t ) ε0χ(f)e0 [cos2π(f0 f)t cos2π(f0-f)t]
璇ュ紡琛ㄦ槑锛屾劅搴旂數鍋舵瀬璺?p 鐨勯鐜囨湁涓夌 f0銆乫0-f 鍜?nbsp; f0 f锛屾墍浠ュ疄楠屼笂娴嬪緱鐨勬暎灏勫厜鐨勯鐜囦篃鏈変笁绉嶃€傞鐜囦负 f0 鐨勮氨绾夸负鐟炲埄鏁ｅ皠绾匡紝棰戠巼涓?f0-f 鐨勬暎灏勭嚎涓烘柉鎵樺厠鏂嚎锛岄鐜囦负 f0 f 鐨勬暎灏勭嚎涓哄弽鏂墭鍏嬫柉绾裤€?nbsp;
3. 褰撳厜鍏ュ皠鍒版牱鍝佷笂鏃剁殑涓夌鎯呭喌
(1) 鍏夊瓙鍚屾牱鍝佸垎瀛愬彂鐢熶簡寮规€х鎾烇紝娌℃湁鑳介噺浜ゆ崲锛屽彧鏄敼鍙樹簡鍏夊瓙鐨勮繍鍔ㄦ柟鍚戯紝姝ゆ椂鏁ｅ皠鍏夐鐜?= 鍏ュ皠鍏夐鐜囷紝鍗?span class="mq-math-mode" latex-data="hv_k"> hvk鈥?/span> = hv1鈥?/span> 锛屽鍥炬墍绀猴細
(2) 濡傞鐜囦负 v1 鐨勫叆灏勫厜瀛愯鏍峰搧鍚告敹锛屾牱鍝佸垎瀛愯婵€鍙戝埌鑳介噺涓?nbsp; hvl 鐨勬尟鍔ㄨ兘绾?l=1 涓婏紝鍚屾椂鍙戠敓棰戠巼涓?nbsp;vs = v1 - vl 鐨勬柉鎵樺厠鏂暎灏勶紝濡傚浘鎵€绀?:
(3) 濡傛灉鍒嗗瓙澶勪簬鎸姩鑳界骇涓?l=1 鐨勬縺鍙戞€侊紝鍏ュ皠鍏夊瓙鍚告敹浜嗚繖涓€鎸姩鑳界骇鐨勮兘閲忓氨浼氬彂鐢熼鐜囦负 vαs = v1 vl 鐨勫弽鏂墭鍏嬫柉鏁ｅ皠锛屽鍥炬墍绀猴細
瀹為獙姝ラ
1銆?nbsp;鎵撳紑鍏夎氨浠€佹墦寮€婵€鍏夛紝璋冩暣鍏夎氨浠殑澶栧厜璺€?/p>
娉ㄦ剰涓変釜瑕佺偣锛?/strong>
a. 瑙傚療鍒扮憺鍒╁厜鐨勬垚璞℃竻鏅帮紝骞惰繘鍏ユ憚璋变华鐨勫叆灏勭嫮缂濓紱
b. 璋冩暣鑱氬厜閮ㄤ欢锛屼娇姹囪仛鍏夌殑鑵伴儴姝ｅソ浣嶄簬鏍峰搧绠′腑蹇冿紝浠庡悇涓柟闈㈣瀵燂紝婵€鍏夋潫閮藉簲閫氳繃鏍峰搧鐨勪腑蹇冿紱
c. 寮€濮嬫祴璇曞墠闇€鍏抽棴绠辩洊銆?nbsp;
2銆?nbsp;鍏抽棴婵€鍏夊厜婧愶紝杩涜闃堝€煎垎鏋愶紝灏嗚澶囬槇鍊煎垎鏋愬悗鐨勬暟鍊煎～鍏ュ埌杞欢鐣岄潰涓紱
3銆?nbsp;鍦ㄨ蒋浠剁晫闈㈠閫夋嫨鎵弿妯″紡涓?”娉㈡暟妯″紡“锛?/p>
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鑺辨鞍鏌撴枡cyanine,甯稿簲鐢ㄤ簬鐢熺墿鍒嗗瓙鏍囪, 鑽у厜鎴愬儚浠ュ強鍏朵粬鑽у厜鐢熺墿鍒嗘瀽銆?/p>
缁撴瀯寮忥細
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浜у搧鐢ㄩ€旓細
搴旂敤浜庡尰瀛︾爺绌讹紝鑽墿閲婃斁锛岀撼绫虫妧鏈拰鏂版潗鏂欑爺绌讹紝缁嗚優鍩瑰吇锛屼互鍙婇厤浣撶爺绌讹紝澶氳偨鍚堟垚鏀寔锛屾帴鏋濋珮鍒嗗瓙鍖栧悎鐗╋紝鏂版潗鏂欏拰鑱氫箼浜岄唶鏀规€у姛鑳芥秱灞傜瓑娲绘€у寲鍚堢墿鏂归潰銆?/p>
鍏朵粬鐩稿叧浜у搧锛?/p>
fitc-peg-dbco锛岃崸鍏夌礌peg浜岃嫰骞剁幆杈涚倲
mpeg-dbco锛岀敳姘у熀peg浜岃嫰鍩虹幆杈涚倲
dbco-peg-nh2锛屼簩鑻熀鐜緵鐐擯eg姘ㄥ熀
dbco-peg-silane锛屼簩鑻熀鐜緵鐐擯eg纭呯兎
dbco-peg-mal锛屼簩鑻熀鐜緵鐐擯eg椹潵閰颁簹鑳?/p>
dbco-peg-nhs锛屼簩鑻熀鐜緵鐐擯eg鐞ョ弨閰颁簹鑳洪叝
dbco-peg-biotin锛屼簩鑻熀鐜緵鐐擯eg鐢熺墿绱?/p>
dbco-peg-cooh锛屼簩鑻熀鐜緵鐐擯eg缇ч吀
dbco-peg-folate锛屼簩鑻熀鐜緵鐐擯eg鍙堕吀
dbco-peg-cholesterol锛屼簩鑻熀鐜緵鐐擯eg鑳嗗浐閱?/p>
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